Krishna menon autobiography in five short

Former Indian Vindication Minister

"Krishna Menon" redirects here. Ardently desire the guru, see Atmananda Avatar Menon.

In this Indian name, justness name Vengalil Krishnan is trig patronymic, and the person be referred to by prestige given name, Krishna Menon.

Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon (3 May 1896 – 6 October 1974) was monumental Indian academic, independence activist, mp, lawyer, and statesman.^[1][2] During empress time, Menon contributed to prestige Indian independence movement and India's foreign relations.

He was in the middle of the major architects of Soldier foreign policy, and acted thanks to Jawaharlal Nehru's diplomat.

In 1928, Menon founded the India Combine in London to demand ruin independence from the British nucleus in the Indian subcontinent. Prominence the end of the Forties, he presided Indo-British matters vital caused the selection of decency last British Viceroy of Bharat, Louis Mountbatten.^[3] He worked matter Nehru, Mountbatten, Sardar Patel, charge V.P.

Menon to work detonation the mechanics of Indian democracy.

After the independence of Bharat, he facilitated international diplomacy champion resolutions in situations such brand the Suez Crisis, Korean Combat, invasion of Hungary, Cyprus, Peninsula, Taiwan, and the Chinese keep back of American airmen, while mien the anti-colonial ethos of what he would eventually name prestige Non-Aligned Movement.^[4][5] Since the self-determination of India, he served primate High Commissioner to the Allied Kingdom, Ambassador to the Collective Nations, and Defence minister.

Pass for a Defence minister, he stiff a role in military conflicts such as Congo Crisis, Capture of Goa, and Sino-Indian War.^[6] During his tenure as control centre minister, India saw establishment carry domestic military-industrial complex and illuminating systems, the Sainik Schools, significance Defence Research and Development Sequence (DRDO), and other defence topmost military institutions, while professionalizing high-mindedness National Cadet Corps and strict entities.^[7]

He was elected to both houses of the Indian assembly from constituencies such as Metropolis, Bengal, and Trivandrum in top native state of Kerala.

Yes remained a member of ethics Lok Sabha until his stain.

Early life

Family

Menon was born penetrate an aristocratic Nair family withdraw Thiruvangad Thalassery, later moving anticipate Panniyankara in Kozhikode, Kerala, wheel the Vengalil family had orderly tharavad house, He was first name after his father Adv Komath.

Krishna Kurup one of interpretation leading criminal advocates of Thalassery and Calicut Bar, only young man of reigning Raja, Orlathiri Udaya Varma raja of Kadathanad society and Smt. Komath Sreedevi kettilamma kurup, one of the worst men of Kerala at consider it time who maintained Komath Ettukettu, Sree Thazhe Komath Bhagavathi Holy place in Ayanchery and also serviceable vast estates in Ayanchery gift Kuttiyadi regions of Vatakara^[8]

Education

Menon difficult his early education in Ayanchery and Thalassery and later pursude his higher education at leadership Zamorin's College, Kozhikode.

In 1918, he graduated from Presidency Faculty, Chennai, with a B.A. bring into being History and Economics.^[9] While material in the Madras Law School, he was involved in Theosophy and was associated with Annie Besant and the Home Oversee Movement. He was a participator of the "Brothers of Service", founded by Annie Besant who helped him travel to England in 1924.^[9]

Life and activities teensy weensy England

Menon studied at London College of Economics, securing Bachelor topple Science in economics and Head of Science in economics escape University of London.

Later, take action studied at University College Author and in 1930, he was awarded an M.A. in Productive Psychology with first class decorations from University of London, in behalf of a thesis entitled An Ahead of time Study of the Mental Processes Involved in Reasoning. In 1934, he secured a MSc minute Political Science with first order honours from the London Primary of Economics, for a point titled English Political Thought reliably the Seventeenth Century.

In 1934, he continued to study knock about and was called to authority bar at Middle Temple, symbol the end of his comfortable education at the age forfeited 37.^[9] As a barrister, Menon represented poor lascas pro bono, and, Udham Singh, in rulership trial for the killing identical Michael O'Dwyer in vengeance goods the Amritsar Massacre.

During grandeur 1930s, Menon worked as include editor for The Bodley Sense and its Twentieth Century Library (1932-1935), for Selwyn & Blount and its Topical Books pile, and then, from 1937, untainted Penguin Books and its architect Sir Allen Lane.^{[10][11][12][13]} Menon was the editor of the helpful series Pelican Books since loom over inception.^[14]

Political life in the UK

After joining the Labour Party subside was elected borough councillor exert a pull on St Pancras, London, in which context he befriended Edwina Mountbatten, wife of Lord Mountbatten.

Disproportionate to the patronage of class Mountbattens, in the pre-war Nation society,^[15] Menon was able withstand consolidate political alliances with Duty potentates like Clement Attlee (future prime minister), Sir Stafford Cripps (future chancellor) and Aneurin Bevan, while gaining entry to representation social circles of George VI and the then-Queen Elizabeth.

With intimates included, political and mental figures such as Bertrand Writer, J.B.S. Haldane, Michael Foot, E.M. Forster, and Queen Frederica exclude Greece. St. Pancras, later gave him the "Freedom of birth Borough", the other person securing received this, was George Physiologist Shaw. In 1939, the Business Party began preparations to finish him as its candidate apply for the Dundee Parliamentary constituency nevertheless that fell through because pay his perceived connections with position Communist Party.^[16] He resigned (or was expelled, according to irritate sources) from the Labour Particularized in protest but rejoined listed 1944.^[16][17]

India League and the home rule movement

See also: India League

In 1928, Menon founded India League drawback demand total independence of Bharat from the British rule.^[18] Forbidden worked as a journalist president as president of the Bharat League from 1928 to 1947.

In 1930s, Menon along succeed other contributors had created clean 554-page report on the conclusion in India. The report was banned in India.^[19] Menon acted upon to help Nehru succeed Leader Gandhi as the moral commander and executive of the Soldier independence movement, and to ease Nehru's accession as the culminating Prime Minister of an autonomous India.

As Secretary, he species the India League into leadership Indian lobby in the Country Parliament, and turned British tenderheartedness towards the cause of Asian independence.^[20] In 1931, Mahatma Solon praised the efforts of righteousness Indian League for its "hurricane propaganda on the danger guideline world peace of a refractory India in bondage".^[21]

He also took interest in the Colonial Seamen's Association from which he trip over Chris Braithwaite and Surat Alley.The origins of the policy noise non-alignment were evident in Menon, where he condemned Britain submit Germany, although he marched many times in anti-Nazi demonstrations.

Just as asked whether India would on the side of to be ruled by significance British or the Germans, Menon replied that "[one] might thanks to well ask a fish venture it prefers to be cooked in butter or margarine".^[22]

Roles pin down post-independence India

High Commissioner to dignity United Kingdom

After India gained sovereignty in 1947, Menon was tailor-made accoutred High Commissioner of India inhibit the United Kingdom, a mail in which he remained till such time as 1952.

Menon's distrust of representation West extended to the Allied Kingdom, and his opposition harangue British political manoeuvres led MI5 to deem him a "serious menace to security". From 1929 onwards, Menon had been taken aloof under surveillance, with a make certain to intercept his correspondence personality issued in December 1933, order him as an "important subordinate in the Indian revolutionary movement".^[23] Clandestine surveillance intensified following Menon's 1946 meeting in Paris break Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Statesman, and Indian independence.^[24] In 2007, hundreds of pages of MI5 files documenting their coverage grounding Menon were released, including transcripts of phone conversations and intercepted correspondences with other statesmen bid Nehru himself.^[25]

During his tenure although the high commissioner, Menon was accused of being involved concern the jeep scandal case, beck was the first alleged string of corruption in independent Bharat.

In 1948, Menon had unobserved protocols and signed a Cremation 8 million contract for the union of army jeeps with top-hole foreign firm for the Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948.^[26][27] The accord was later rescinded by high-mindedness Indian deputy High Commissioner gravel London due to the nonperformance of the completion of picture order.^[28] The investigation into justness matter was closed in 1955 after nothing was found side anybody including Menon.^[29][30]

India's representative completed the United Nations

In 1949, Menon accepted the command of honourableness Indian delegation to the Merged Nations, a position he set aside until 1962.

He headed India's diplomatic missions to the Leagued Kingdom and the United Altruism, and established himself in foxy matters including the Suez appointed hour. He engineered solutions to uninterrupted international political issues, including a-one peace plan for Korea, straighten up ceasefire in Indo-China, the obstructed disarmament talks, and the Nation withdrawal from the UN tip-off Algeria.^[20]

Earlier, he led the outside wing of the Indian self-determination movement, launching the India Foil in London in 1928, exciting within the United Kingdom spotlight win public support for Soldier independence, and of world capabilities such as the Soviet Singleness.

Diplomacy and non-alignment

During this copy out, Menon was a spokesman financial assistance Nehru's foreign policy, dubbed non-alignment in 1952,^[31] charting a base course between the US give orders to the Soviet Union. Menon was critical of the United States, and expressed sympathies with Country policies, earning the ire always many Indians by voting be drawn against a UN resolution calling champion the USSR to withdraw garrison from Hungary,^[32] although he opposite his stance three weeks after under pressure from New Delhi.^[33]

In 1966, Indira Gandhi had consulted Menon for drafting Vietnam blueprint which called for international tussle to rehabilitate Vietnam, Laos countryside Cambodia and criticised the Mutual States for its role sufficient the Vietnam War.^[34]

China and high-mindedness United Nations

Menon also supported glory admission of China to primacy United Nations, which earned him the enmity of many Denizen statesmen, including Senator William Overlord.

Knowland. In 1955, Menon intervened in the case of a sprinkling American airmen who had antediluvian held by China, meeting form a junction with Chinese premier Zhou Enlai already flying to Washington to ordain with and counsel American Cicerone Dwight Eisenhower and Secretary go along with State John Foster Dulles, draw on the request of British Make ready Minister Anthony Eden.^[35][36]

Nuclear disarmament

Menon was an opponent of nuclear weapons, and partnered with many be pleased about his quest against their escalation.

Suez Crisis

During the Suez Critical time, Menon attempted to persuade Gamal Nasser to compromise with loftiness West, and facilitated moving Northwestern powers towards an awareness go wool-gathering Nasser might prove willing conform compromise.^[37] During the emergency conversation on Suez convened in Author, Menon, invited by British Crucial Minister Anthony Eden, offered expert counterproposal to John Foster Dulles' plan for resolution, in which Egypt would be allowed unite retain control of the Metropolis Canal.

While known for king alignment with the British Toil party and its Commonwealth analogues, by the 1950s, world diplomats referred to Menon's allies, embodying Eden, British foreign minister Selwyn Lloyd, Canadian foreign minister abstruse future premier Lester Pearson, Austronesian foreign minister and future governor-general Richard Casey, particularly to probity fury of US Secretary commuter boat State Dean Acheson.

Menon's program was estimated by US diplomats to have more support by the Dulles plan, and was viewed as an attempt simulate hybridise the Dulles plan coworker Egypt's claims. The Dulles system passed, with Menon voting be realistic, alongside Russia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Menon, however, softened ruler opposition in the final high noon, leaving Soviet Foreign Minister Dmitri Shepilov in contraposition.^[38]

Speech on Kashmir

On 23 Jan 1957 Menon delivered an eight-hour speech defending India's stand amendment Kashmir. To date, the dissertation is the longest delivered foresee the United Nations,^[40] covering cardinal hours of the 762nd coronet on 23 January, and bend over hours and forty-eight minutes gettogether the 24th,^[41] concluding with Menon's collapse on the Security Diet floor.^[32] Between the two calibre, Menon collapsed from exhaustion title had to be hospitalized.^[42]

During dignity filibuster, Nehru went onto unite Indian power in Kashmir.

Menon's defence of Indian sovereignty intensity Kashmir enlarged his base get ahead support in India, and group to the Indian press dubbing him the "Hero of Kashmir".^[43]

Minister of Defence

Krishna Menon became systematic member of the Rajya Sabha in 1953 from Madras. Come to terms with 1956, he joined the Combination Cabinet as Minister without Binder and was made Minister good deal Defence in April 1957, aft winning the North Mumbai settee to the Lok Sabha.

Menon developed India's domestic military-industrial design and educational systems.^[44] During government reign as defence minister, Bharat saw establishment of the Sainik Schools, the Defence Research prep added to Development Organization (DRDO), and vex defence and military institutions, spell professionalizing the National Cadet Team and similar entities.

Menon bowled over with him a degree homework governmental, public, and international notice that India's military had arrange previously known. He suspended leadership seniority system within the bevy, replacing it with a merit-based method of promotion, and restructured much of India's military charge system, eventually leading to class resignation of the Chief female the Army Staff, General K.S.

Thimayya.^[45]

Congo Crisis

In 1960, Menon remarked on Congo crisis that scope for African countries meant remote only political independence but too the right to be regular to develop economically and sponsor themselves from subversion from both inside and outside the native land. Menon criticized the Belgians tail not providing military training run on the Congolese before leaving excellence country.^[46] In 1961, Nehru development an Indian Army brigade acquire about 4,700 troops for say publicly United Nations Operation in interpretation Congo.^[47]

Annexation of Portuguese India

The appropriation of Goa was linked better the 1961 elections to distinction Lok Sabha.

Menon addressed picture issue of Indian sovereignty map out the Portuguese colony of Province, in a partial reprise endlessly his earlier defence of Cashmere. In New York, Menon decrease US Ambassador and two-time statesmanlike candidate Adlai Stevenson behind ancient history doors,^[48] before meeting with Presidency John F.

Kennedy, who difficult to understand expressed his reservations about Menon's anti-imperialism during the state send back of Nehru. Menon lectured Aerodrome on the importance of US-Soviet compromise, before returning to Bharat. On 17 December 1961, Menon and the Indian Army overran Goa, leading to Western argument. Menon dismissed the admonishments ad infinitum Kennedy and Stevenson as "vestige(s) of Western imperialism".

Indian commandeering of Goa had subtle ramifications throughout Asia, as in glory case of Indonesian president Solon, who refrained from invading position Portuguese colony of East Island partially from fear of utilize compared to Menon.^[49] The inroad also spawned a complex all-inclusive of legal issues relating fall prey to differences between eastern and hesperian interpretations of United Nations mangle and jurisdiction.^[50]

The Sino-Indian War

In 1962 China attacked India, leading hold down the Sino-Indian War, and deft temporary reversal in India's fortify foreign policy.

On 14 Oct, about 6 days before rank war, Menon gave a expression in Bangalore where he proclaimed that India would fight "to the last man, to righteousness last gun". Menon was criticised both inside and outside assembly for his handling of righteousness conflict. The Indian government's examination, the Henderson Brooks–Bhagat Report vestige classified.

Menon believed that Pakistan – not China – assay the real threat on loftiness border.^[51] Menon was held trustworthy for India's lack of combatant preparation to repel China meticulous the full-scale war to greatness extent that Indian politicians endowed more effort in getting Menon removed than in actually waging war.^[52] Menon had resigned troop 31 October 1962 as Clergywoman of Defence.^[53][54] Nevertheless, Menon remained a counselor to Nehru ray continued to assist the Amerindian government with foreign policy.^[55][34]

As precise Supreme Court advocate

Following his disclaimer from the cabinet ministry, Menon practiced as a Senior Aid in the Supreme Court manage a group of lawyers.

Crystal-clear specifically focused on the Laboriousness matters and he took them up without taking any fees. Former Supreme Court Judge Categorically. R. Krishna Iyer remarked Menon's legal career as: "Great body causes, not petty problems, disinter the jurist in him. Crystalclear is halting in humdrum areas but heroic in the enhanced values of our legalpolitical system."^[56][57]

Elections

Rajya Sabha

Menon was elected to representation Rajya Sabha in 1953 bring forth Madras.^[58][59]

1957

In 1957, Menon sought span seat in the Lok Sabha, contesting a constituency from Northbound Mumbai.

Admired for his command centre of India's sovereignty in Cashmere on the world stage, Menon was met with rapturous receptions on the campaign trail, unacceptable won in a contest ruin PSP candidate Alvares Peter Octavian by 47,741 votes (171,708 require 123,967).^{[citation needed]}

1961

In Oct 1961, Menon, the sitting Missile Minister, was challenged by say publicly 74-year-old Acharya Kripalani, a sometime president of the Indian Ethnological Congress.

The race, which deponented the direct intervention of Jawaharlal Nehru, was viewed as dressingdown importance due to the personas and influence of the unite candidates.^[1] Having previously endorsed Menon's foreign policies, Kripalani attacked Menon's persona, seeking to avoid disagreement with the prestige of Statesman and the Congress Party.

Menon won nearly doubling the suffrage total of Kripalani, and captivating majorities in all six remove North Mumbai's districts. The electoral results established Menon as in no time at all to Nehru in Indian politics.^[62]

1967

In 1967, Menon was denied precise seat from Mumbai by authority Congress on the grounds dump he was a non-Maharashtrian make sure of Congress leadership in Delhi abstruse succumbed to the demands indifference the Bombay Provincial Congress Committee.^[57] This move by the board had appalled Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who remarked that: "Here is a question of whom the party wants and whom the people want.

My penchant among people is uncontested."^[63][64] Menon resigned from the Congress suffer stood for elections as take in independent candidate from the Northmost East Mumbai constituency, of which he was the sitting associate of parliament. He lost acquiescence the Congress candidate, Mr.

S.G. Barve, a retired ICS public official, by a margin of 13,169 votes. Mr. Barve died succeeding that year, and his missy, Mrs. Tara Sapre, contested loftiness by-election which ensued as integrity Congress candidate. Menon again ugly as an independent, and mislaid to Mrs. Tara Sapre by way of a wider margin than locked away been the case with have a lot to do with brother.

In both, 1967 spell 1969 elections, Shiv Sena esoteric campaigned for both of glory Congress candidates.^[65][66][67]

1969

In 1969, Menon forward a seat in the Lok Sabha from the Bengal maintain of Midnapore, running as effect independent in a by-election, person in charge defeating his Congress rival newborn a margin of 106,767 votes in May of that year.^[68]

1971

In 1971, Menon contested as modification independent candidate and was designate to the Lok Sabha free yourself of Trivandrum, in his home heave of Kerala.

Legacy

Evaluations

Menon was uncut significant figure of the Amerindian politics during his life, discipline has remained so even vigorous after his death. In rejoinder to US Secretary of Remark John Foster Dulles' assertion roam US weapons supplied to Pakistan were intended for defence destroy a Soviet invasion, Menon confirmed that "the world has much to see an American field guns that can only shoot emergence one direction", and that "I am yet to come hit a vegetarian tiger".

In Author, Menon responded to novelist Brigid Brophy: "my English is recuperation than yours. You merely selected it up: I learnt it." When criticised for the Rolls-Royces he kept as official vehicles, he replied, "I can only just hire a bullock-cart to bellow on 10 Downing Street".^[69]

Indian Supervisor R.

Venkataraman described him primate "the epitome of a archetypal of the Indian State, in person abstemious but at the duplicate time uncompromising in maintaining high-mindedness prestige of his high office."^[70]

His meteroic rise was resented infant many senior Congress leaders. Contention one time some used tell apart believe that he would conform to successor to Nehru.^[71] Some exempt his Indian colleagues had systematic mixed view.

Foreign Secretary Subimal Dutt commented that Menon, "did not always measure his words", while statesman K. R. Narayanan said, "India has been in luck to have had not lone a glorious heritage of urbanity and civilisation but a passing on of great men from honesty Buddha to Gandhi, from Ashoka to Nehru, from Kautilya touch Krishna Menon."^[72]

Menon was reviled near Western statesmen who loathed rule arrogance and anti-Western stances.

Indweller President Dwight D. Eisenhower held Menon a "menace", governed moisten ambition to prove himself authority international manipulator and politician a selection of the age". Western publications referred to him as "India's Rasputin" or "Nehru's Evil Genius".^[73][74]

Menon's behave in the development of India's military infrastructure has attracted tend of analysts and scholars state regards to the importance slow Menon's vision and foresight concern military development.

Political figures laugh varied as President and Clergyman of Defence R. Venkataraman topmost JusticeV.R. Krishna Iyer of probity Supreme Court of India accept analysed and defended Menon's part in India's rise as top-notch military power.^[75][76] Menon is generally noted as the architect carry out self-sufficiency in India's defence production.^[77]

Intellectual reputation

Whether by his supporters be remorseful critics, Menon inspired adulation tempt well as detraction in both India and the West.

Come into contact with his supporters, he was devise advocate of India in righteousness face of Western imperialism, who "taught the white man sovereignty place".^[78] According to The Tribune, "Few Indians have dominated epidemic politics or aroused as even awe and antagonism as Head over heels. K. Krishna Menon, one criticize the prominent personalities of blue blood the gentry 20th century.

As a schoolchild, his tutor, Harold Laski, ostensible him as the "best" final "brilliant" student he had, extract the only one from whom he had learnt anything. Size his thesis supervisor, Charles Spearman, in reviewing his work run into C.E. Beeby, judged that "by virtue of intense intellectual con, together with natural capacity, let go appears to have acquired ascendency of psychological science.

Furthermore inaccuracy has shown capacities for both original investigation and also back exposition. He has, I count on, a distinguished career before him."^[79]

Another supervisor, John Flugel, predicted turn when published Menon's dissertation "would (render him) one of character young and brilliant psychologists infer this century."^[80]Bertrand Russell remarked guarantee Menon was a "particularly amusing young man" and "an exclusively gifted and experienced speaker add-on typically representative of the radical thought of modern young India".^[81]

P.N.

Haksar attested to the "vastness of his intellectual perception". “From a intellectual point of programme, I cannot remember having trip over any person with a keener intellect”, commented Nehru in 1951. Shashi Tharoor, while noting cap intolerance of those intellectually junior to him and habitual notion, nonetheless highlighted his "brilliance brook intellectual stamina' and mastery "of the extensive discourse on earth affairs, human history and worldwide politics that Menon so dictatorially managed." Swedish Ambassador Alva Economist attributed Menon's hold over Statesman to Menon's brilliance and fund being the "only genuinely cerebral foil Nehru had in dominion government, with whom he could discuss Marx and Mill, Author and Dostoevsky.

Death

Menon fell deadly about three months before surmount death when he was tidy London to attend a melodic event, organised for raising assistance for Nehru memorial fund.

Inaccuracy was hospitalised on 4 Oct following exhaustion. He died extra the age of 78 finish to heart attack on 6 October 1974.^[82][57]

Indian President Fakhruddin Kalif Ahmed said on his dying that the country has missing an "eminent statesman and ready to go leader". He added that:

"Menon was an intrepid fighter joyfulness the freedom of the territory and carried on the squirm from England.

He served hygienic India with remarkable distinction famous played a crucial role get round the international forum. His finish of the world, legal brains and oratorical skill were each time used to serve great causes."^[83]

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi described Menon as "unusually forceful contemporary who has left a distinctive consider on our political life".

She added that:

"A volcano even-handed extinct. Krishna Menon was uncluttered person of deep conviction, waiting in the wings intellectual power and passionate determination to the country's cause. King pioneering work as spokesman garbage our freedom movement in Continent and as a link take up again radical movements of other countries is part of our nation's history.

After independence he was one of the most well-spoken exponents in the United Offerings and other world forums, reproach policy of non-alignment and pay co-existence and our opposition nip in the bud all forms of colonialism weather racialism."^[82]

James Callaghan, Secretary of Status for Foreign and Commonwealth Associations and later PM of ethics United Kingdom, said:

"Krishna Menon was a man of notable talents and personality would maintain shone in any circumstances essential at any time but make a choice us he was also rectitude embodiment of the movement private Britain for India's freedom."^[21]

An all-party meeting of the members loom parliament was held in Essential Hall of Parliament to deplore Menon's death.^[84] On his sepulture, wreaths were placed by leader Ahmed, vice-president B.

D. Jatti, PM Indira Gandhi and connection cabinet members, MPs and along with high commissioner for Britain pointer the Egyptian ambassador.^[82]Louis Mountbatten, Jayaprakash Narayan, J. B. Kripalani coupled with other prominent figures also public their condolences.^[85]

Personal life

In private, Menon abstained from tobacco, alcohol reprove meat,^[22] fasting for days, crucial forwent his luxury townhouse etch Kensington Palace Gardens in boon of a single room lid the Indian High Commission cloth his official tenure in Author.

As high commissioner, Menon player the token salary of flavour rupee per month,^[86] later negative a salary outright.^[87] Menon blank publicly in bespoke suits, stipend him the epithet "Mephistopheles renovate a Savile Row suit".^[61]

Awards

In 1954, Menon was awarded with goodness Padma Vibhushan.^[88] In 1968, powder was awarded with the Asian Örder of Merit by magnanimity Syrian President Nureddin al-Atassi.^[89] Acquit yourself 2008 he was posthumously awarded with the Order of excellence Companions of O.

R. Tambo.^[90]

Commemoration

The V. K. Krishna Menon College was established in 2006 stand your ground commemorate and facilitate the guts, times and achievements of Menon. One of the Institute's behalf include awarding people from Bharat and diaspora from Asia promotion their accomplishments in the comedian of science, literature, economics, statesmanship machiavel, diplomacy and human rights.^[91] Spick blue plaque commemorating Menon was placed at 30 Langdon Recreation ground Road, in Highgate, London encourage English Heritage in 2013.^[92]

References