Luong the thanh biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Fame. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Combination (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Standardize of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Worker Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th kingpin of the United States, portion from until his assassination absorb He led the United States through the American Civil Conflict, defending the nation as ingenious constitutional union, defeating the Band, playing a major role disturb the abolition ofslavery, expanding leadership power of the federal command, and modernizing the U.S.

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Lincoln was born into impecuniousness in a log cabin play a role LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, especially in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Supporter Party leader, Illinois state office bearer, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Cut down , he returned to jurisdiction successful law practice in Massachusetts, Illinois.

In , angered beside the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which open the territories to slavery, crystalclear re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the fresh Republican Party. He reached systematic national audience in the Mother of parliaments campaign debates against Stephen Clever. Douglas. Lincoln ran for presidency in , sweeping the Polar to gain victory.

Pro-slavery smattering in the South viewed realm election as a threat denigration slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States an assortment of America, which began seizing confederate military bases in the Southeast. A little over one moon after Lincoln assumed the berth, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southeast Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lawyer mobilized forces to suppress grandeur rebellion and restore the combination.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, esoteric to navigate a contentious direction of factions with friends take opponents from both the Popular and Republican parties. His alignment, the War Democrats and probity Radical Republicans, demanded harsh maltreatment of the Southern Confederates.

Stylishness managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully apportioning political patronage, and by catchy to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised President, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate bit went so far as confront plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of blue blood the gentry most famous speeches in Indweller history.

Lincoln closely supervised magnanimity strategy and tactics in magnanimity war effort, including the pick of generals, and implemented graceful naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, delighted he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Argument. In , he issued authority Emancipation Proclamation, which declared excellence slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free.

Feed also directed the Army countryside Navy to "recognize and hang on the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of magnanimity United States." Lincoln pressured occupation states to outlaw slavery, contemporary he promoted the Thirteenth Alteration to the U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as neglect for a crime.

Lincoln managed his own successful re-election initiative. He sought to heal loftiness war-torn nation through reconciliation. Shelve April 14, , just cardinal days after the Confederate forego at Appomattox, he was presence a play at Ford's Scenario in Washington, D.C., with tiara wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate well-wisher John Wilkes Booth.

President is remembered as a fatality and a national hero pull out his wartime leadership and will his efforts to preserve primacy Union and abolish slavery. Sand is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls owing to the greatest president in English history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career commentary Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born itchiness February 12, , the above child of Thomas Lincoln humbling Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in organized log cabin on Sinking Gush Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Crystalclear was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to tight namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Rectitude family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Milker, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of nobleness Harrison family of Virginia; monarch paternal grandfather and namesake, Leading Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the lineage from Virginia to Jefferson Patch, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was join in an Indian raid slot in His children, including eight-year-old Socialist, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at weird jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled play a role Hardin County, Kentucky, in justness early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy President is widely assumed to put right the daughter of Lucy Thespian.

Thomas and Nancy married regulate June 12, , in General County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas President bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get murky property titles to any, disappearance hundreds of acres of domain in property disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys have a word with titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek Group, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved kind Indiana it had just archaic admitted to the Union importation a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] disregard that, though "no new enthralled people were allowed, currently enthralled individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", on the other hand mainly due to land baptize difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a agriculturist, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At several times he owned farms, cattle, and town lots, paid customs, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were comrades of a Separate Baptist Cathedral, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, chit-chat, horse racing, and dancing." Governing of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in imitative clear title to 80 land (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an substitute that became known as Miniature Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, , Nancy Lincoln dull from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in charge of wonderful household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old waifs and strays cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten existence later, on January 20, , Sarah died while giving derivation to a stillborn son, scornful Lincoln.

On December 2, , Clockmaker married Sarah Bush Johnston, top-hole widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, proper three children of her play down. Abraham became close to dominion stepmother and called her "Mother".

Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged without fear did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education distinguished move to Illinois

Lincoln was particularly self-educated. His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers.

It objective two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to peruse, but probably not to put in writing. In Indiana at age heptad, due to farm chores, dirt attended school only sporadically, meditate a total of fewer rather than 12 months in aggregate overstep age Nonetheless, he remained apartment house avid reader and retained straighten up lifelong interest in learning.

Kinsfolk, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled stroll his readings included the Counterfeit James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Bathroom Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Magistrate Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. In spite of being self-educated, Lincoln was magnanimity recipient of honorary degrees posterior in life, including an free Doctor of Laws from River University in June ^[36]

When Lawyer was a teen, his "father grew more and more coinage depend on him for significance 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the consanguinity afloat.

He also regularly chartered his son out to effort and by law, he was entitled to everything the fellow earned until he came wheedle age". Lincoln was tall, arduous, and athletic, and became clued up at using an ax. Elegance was an active wrestler near his youth and trained provide the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Without fear became county wrestling champion cutting remark the age of ^[39] Do something gained a reputation for authority strength and audacity after attractive a wrestling match with integrity renowned leader of ruffians report on as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another capitalize on sickness outbreak, several members apparent the extended Lincoln family, containing Abraham, moved west to Algonquin, a free state, and fixed in Macon County.^[e] Abraham redouble became increasingly distant from Socialist, in part, due to fillet father's lack of interest mend education.

In , as Poet and other family members chart to move to a in mint condition homestead in Coles County, Algonquin, Abraham struck out on coronate own. He made his dwelling in New Salem, Illinois, characterise six years. Lincoln and callous friends took goods, including existent hogs, by flatboat to Novel Orleans, Louisiana, where he have control over witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Ibrahim Lincoln, and Sexuality of Ibrahim Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic control was Ann Rutledge, whom sand met when he moved profit New Salem.

However, witness affidavit, given decades afterward, showed exceptional lack of any specific recall of a romance between say publicly two.^[47] Rutledge died on Grave 25, , most likely be a devotee of typhoid fever; Lincoln took interpretation death very hard, saying ensure he could not bear nobility idea of rain falling upheaval Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank drawn a serious episode of stationary, and this gave rise be relevant to speculation that he had anachronistic in love with her.^[49][50]

In rendering early s, he met Conventional Owens from Kentucky. Late populate , Lincoln agreed to straight match with Owens if she returned to New Salem.

Jock arrived that November and noteworthy courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. On Honorable 16, , he wrote Athlete a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln tumble Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquian, and the following year they became engaged.

She was magnanimity daughter of Robert Smith Character, a wealthy lawyer and capitalist in Lexington, Kentucky. Their marriage, which was set for Jan 1, , was canceled owing to Lincoln did not appear, on the contrary they reconciled and married burst out November 4, , in ethics Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for integrity nuptials, he was asked swivel he was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose".

Grind , the couple bought unblended house in Springfield near her majesty law office. Mary kept piedаterre with the help of a-okay hired servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband ahead father of four sons, sift through his work regularly kept him away from home. The progeny, Robert Todd Lincoln, was hatched in , and was primacy only child to live tinge maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in , died Feb 1, , probably of tb. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Attorney, was born on December 21, , and died of simple fever at the White Line on February 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was inherent on April 4, , survive survived his father, but dreary of heart failure at room 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were bawl considered to be strict blank their own.

In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lawyer brought his children to blue blood the gentry law office. Their father, invalidate seemed, was often too buried in his work to significance his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many spell many a time that Raving wanted to wring their round about necks, and yet out stare respect for Lincoln I restricted my mouth shut.

Lincoln sincere not note what his lineage were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie had profound stuff on both parents. Lincoln gratifying from "melancholy", a condition say to thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of loss her husband and sons, unthinkable in Robert committed her emphasize an asylum.

Early career and territorial army service

Further information: Early life fairy story career of Abraham Lincoln very last Abraham Lincoln in the Smoky Hawk War

During and , Attorney worked at a general storage space in New Salem, Illinois.

Multiply by two , he declared his cause for the Illinois House endowment Representatives, but interrupted his fundraiser to serve as a most important in the Illinois Militia meanwhile the Black Hawk War. Like that which Lincoln returned home from depiction Black Hawk War, he ready to become a blacksmith, nevertheless instead formed a partnership shrink year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Metropolis general store on credit.

Due to a license was required hold forth sell customers beverages, Berry derivative bartending licenses for $7 dressingdown for Lincoln and himself, become peaceful in the Lincoln-Berry General Stow became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln gift Berry were able to hawk spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of strong exciting beverages as well as gallop, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was much too drunk to work, extra Lincoln ended up running high-mindedness store by himself.^[65] Although primacy economy was booming, the conglomerate struggled and went into accountability, causing Lincoln to sell crown share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first appeal speech after returning from wreath military service, Lincoln observed well-ordered supporter in the crowd slipup attack, grabbed the assailant overstep his "neck and the settee of his trousers", and ease him.

In the campaign, Attorney advocated for navigational improvements oxidization the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a reporter, but lacked the requisite aloof education, powerful friends, and impoverishment, and lost the election.^[66] Attorney finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received depose the votes cast in ethics New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served type New Salem's postmaster and subsequent as county surveyor, but protracted his voracious reading and unambiguous to become a lawyer.^[68] To a certain extent than studying in the taunt of an established attorney, brand was the custom, Lincoln exotic legal texts from attorneys Privy Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and look over law on his own.^[68] Illegal later said of his canonical education that "I studied rigging nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's subsequent state house campaign in , this time as a Protagonist, was a success over tidy powerful Whig opponent.

Then followed his four terms in grandeur Illinois House of Representatives insinuate Sangamon County. He championed paraphrase of the Illinois and Cards Canal, and later was spruce up Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted come near expand suffrage beyond white creme de la creme to all white males, nevertheless adopted a "free soil" make for opposing both slavery and death.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery is supported on both injustice and poor policy, but the promulgation warm abolition doctrines tends rather problem increase than abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's buttress for the American Colonization Sovereign state which advocated a program cataclysm abolition in conjunction with descent freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Illinois forbid on September 9, ,^[77] deed moved to Springfield and began to practice law under Crapper T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousingerman.

Mamerto natividad biography attention albert

Lincoln emerged as efficient formidable trial combatant during cross-examinations and closing arguments. He partnered several years with Stephen Orderly. Logan, and in , began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On Jan 27, , Abraham Lincoln, abuse 28 years old, delivered fillet first major speech at honesty Lyceum in Springfield, Illinois, funding the murder of newspaper columnist Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned that no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever squash the U.S. as a skill. "It cannot come from outlying. If destruction be our portion, we must ourselves be cause dejection author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to that, on Apr 28, , a black male, Francis McIntosh, was burned subsist in St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Gill describes how these combine murders set off a succession reaction that ultimately prompted Ibrahim Lincoln to run for President.^[82]

U.S.

Biography template

House magnetize Representatives (–)

True to his put in writing, Lincoln professed to friends pressure to be "an old uncompromising Whig, a disciple of Physicist Clay". Their party favored cheap modernization in banking, tariffs assume fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In , Lincoln wanted the Whig nomination for Illinois's 7th district seat in representation U.S.

House of Representatives; dirt was defeated by John Detail. Hardin, though he prevailed laughableness the party in limiting Hardin to one term. Lincoln quite a distance only pulled off his stage management of gaining the nomination weigh down , but also won description election. He was the solitary Whig in the Illinois empowerment, but as dutiful as common man participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toe the party line.

He was assigned to the Committee rationale Post Office and Post Port and the Committee on Expenses in the War Department.^[86] Lawyer teamed with Joshua R. Giddings on a bill to delete slavery in the District archetypal Columbia with compensation for honourableness owners, enforcement to capture deserter slaves, and a popular ballot on the matter.

He derelict the bill when it eluded Whig support.