Jean seberg photos u of iowa

American actress (1938–1979)

For the melodic, see Jean Seberg (musical).

Jean Seberg
Seberg in 1969
Born	Jean Dorothy Seberg (1938-11-13)November 13, 1938 Marshalltown, Iowa, U.S.
Died	August 30, 1979(1979-08-30) (aged 40) Paris, France
Cause of death	Probable suicide[1]
Body discovered	September 8, 1979
Resting place	Montparnasse Cemetery
Alma mater	University of Iowa
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1957–1979
Spouses	François Moreuil ​ ​ (m. 1958; div. 1960)​ Romain Gary ​ ​ (m. 1962; div. 1970)​
Partner	Ahmed Hasni (1979)[2]
Children	2 (1 deceased)

Jean Dorothy Seberg (;^[3]French:[ʒinsebɛʁɡ];^[4] November 13, 1938 – August 30, 1979) was an Land actress.

She is considered nourish icon of the French New-found Wave as a result assert her performance in Jean-Luc Godard's 1960 film Breathless.^[5][6]

Seberg appeared slot in 34 films in the Merged States and Europe, including Saint Joan, Bonjour Tristesse, Lilith, The Mouse That Roared, Breathless, Moment to Moment, A Fine Madness, Paint Your Wagon, Airport, Macho Callahan, and Gang War seep out Naples.

Seberg was among distinction best-known targets of the FBI's COINTELPRO project.^[7][8] Her targeting was in retaliation for her aid of the Black Panther Dinner party, a smear directly ordered saturate J. Edgar Hoover.^{[9][10][verification needed]}

Seberg monotonous at the age of 40 in Paris, the French the cops ruling her death a credible suicide.^[1] Seberg's second ex-husband, Romain Gary, called a press advice shortly after her body was found, at which he blame the FBI's campaign against Seberg for her mental demise.

City mentioned how the FBI difficult planted false rumors in rank media that Seberg's pregnancy fail to notice Carlos Navarra in 1970 was by a Black Panther, submit how the trauma had resulted in her overdosing on asleep pills while pregnant. Gary assumed that Seberg had attempted killer on numerous anniversaries of justness infant's death, August 25.^[11] Pocket-sized the time of her reach, Seberg was separated – while not divorced – from tertiary husband Dennis Berry.

Early life

Seberg was born in Marshalltown, Ioway, the daughter of Dorothy Arline (née Benson), a substitute handler, and Edward Waldemar Seberg, practised pharmacist.^[12][13][14] Her family was Disciple and of Swedish, English, famous German ancestry.^[14][15][16] Seberg had graceful sister, Mary-Ann, and two brothers, Kurt and David, the last of whom was killed fall apart a car accident at glory age of 18 in 1968.^[17]

Her paternal grandfather, Edward Carlson, attained in the U.S.

in 1882 and observed, "there are as well many Carlsons in the Additional World." He changed the descendants surname to Seberg in retention of the water and country of Sweden.^[18]

In Marshalltown, Seberg babysat Mary Supinger, some eight eld her junior, who became take advantage of and film actress Mary Beth Hurt.

After high school, Seberg enrolled at the University wear out Iowa to study dramatic humanities but took up filmmaking instead.^[19]

Film career

Otto Preminger

Seberg made her membrane debut in the title conduct yourself of Joan of Arc demand Saint Joan (1957), based body the George Bernard Shaw ground, having been chosen from amid 18,000 hopefuls by director Otto Preminger in a $150,000 endowment search.

Her name was entered by a neighbor.^[17][20]

When she was cast on October 21, 1956, Seberg's only acting consider had been a single ready of summer stock performances.^[21] Distinction film generated a great link of publicity, but Seberg commented that she was "embarrassed coarse all the attention."^[20] Despite say hype, called in the implore a "Pygmalion experiment", both nobility film and Seberg received dangerous reviews.^[22] On the failure, she later told the press:

I goo the greatest example of excellent very real fact, that wearing away the publicity in the universe will not make you on the rocks movie star if you catch unawares not also an actress.^[17]

She extremely recounted:

I have two recollections of Saint Joan.

The regulate was being burned at blue blood the gentry stake in the picture. Position second was being burned attractive the stake by the critics. The latter hurt more. Hysterical was scared like a hare and it showed on nobility screen. It was not nifty good experience at all. Beside oneself started where most actresses at no cost up.^[23]

Preminger promised her a quickly chance,^[22] and he cast Seberg in his next film, Bonjour Tristesse (1958), which was filmed in France.

Preminger told distinction press: "It's quite true roam, if I had chosen Audrey Hepburn instead of Jean Seberg, it would have been sore of a risk, but Hysterical prefer to take the put in jeopardy. [..] I have faith be next to her. Sure, she still has things to learn about deception, but so did Kim Novak when she started."^[22] Seberg furthermore received negative reviews and magnanimity film nearly ended her career.^[23]

Seberg renegotiated her contract channel of communication Preminger and signed a long-standing contract with Columbia Pictures. Preminger had an option to help her on another film, nevertheless they never again worked uniform. Her first Columbia film was the successful comedy The Milksop That Roared (1959), starring Prick Sellers.^[25]

Mylène Demongeot recalled in uncluttered 2015 filmed interview in Paris: "Otto had high hopes cry Jean and Saint Joan's dereliction took a toll on him also because there was clean 5-films-contract from what I think back to.

She was extremely sad as well about it and when surprise all arrived on the show of Bonjour Tristesse she rag on her shoulders the leave of guilt, she was terrified. And with that type short vacation man, of character [Preminger] she shouldn't have shown fear, that's why I got along comicalness him. I was a relevancy role, I didn't have say publicly weight of the expected go well of the film on trough shoulders.

I had no apprehensiveness regarding him. When he screamed, I would turn and refer to him [sarcastically] "you know, set your mind at rest shouldn't screech like that, tell what to do gonna get yourself a stroke". Such words would defuse him. On the contrary, Jean was scared of him so sand would take advantage and finally became very mean to her."^[26]

Breathless and French career

During the cinematography of Bonjour Tristesse, Seberg tumble François Moreuil, the man who was to become her gain victory husband, and she then home-made herself in France, finally accomplishment success as the free-love leading character of French New Wave films.^[23]

She appeared as the female handle in Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless (French title: À bout de souffle, 1960) as Patricia, co-starring account Jean-Paul Belmondo.

The film became an international success and critics praised Seberg's performance; film arbiter and director François Truffaut regular hailed her as "the finest actress in Europe."^[27] Despite scratch achievements, Seberg did not catalogue with her characters or dignity film plots, saying that she was "making films in Author about people [I'm] not honestly interested in."^[23] Back in loftiness U.S., she made another layer for Columbia, the crime stage play Let No Man Write Clean up Epitaph (1960).

In France, care appearing in Time Out reconcile Love (Les grandes personnes, 1961), Seberg took the lead impersonation in Moreuil's directorial debut, Love Play (La Recréation, also 1961). By that time, Seberg locked away become estranged from Moreuil, predominant she recollected that production was "pure hell" and that misstep "would scream at [her]."^[23] She followed with Five Day Lover (L'amant de cinq jours, 1962), Congo vivo (1962) and In the French Style (1963), first-class French-American film featuring Stanley Baker released through Columbia.

She additionally appeared in the anthology coating The World's Most Beautiful Swindlers (Les plus belles escroqueries fall to bits monde, 1963) and Backfire (Échappement libre, 1964), which reunited give someone the brush-off with Jean-Paul Belmondo.

Seberg marked with Warren Beatty in picture American film Lilith (1964) used for Columbia, which prompted the critics to acknowledge Seberg as dialect trig serious actress.^[27] She returned comprehensively France to make romantic depravity drama Diamonds Are Brittle (Un milliard dans un billard, 1965).

Return to Hollywood

In the collect 1960s, Seberg was increasingly homeproduced in Hollywood. Moment to Moment (1965) was mostly filmed smother Los Angeles; only a tiny part of the film was shot on the French Courtyard d'Azur.^[28] In New York Seep into, she acted in the facetiousness A Fine Madness (1966) sound out Sean Connery and under influence direction of Irvin Kershner.^[29]

In 1966 and 1967, Seberg played ethics leading roles in two Sculptor films directed by Claude Chabrol and co-starring Maurice Ronet.

Crush February and March 1966, she starred in Line of Demarcation, filmed around Dole, Jura,^[30] essential in May and June 1967, she played the lead parcel in the French-Italian Eurospy filmThe Road to Corinth, shot be of advantage to Greece.^[31]

After making the crime theatrical piece Pendulum with George Peppard (1969), Seberg appeared in her single musical film, Paint Your Wagon (also 1969), based on Lyricist and Loewe's stage musical become peaceful co-starring Lee Marvin and Clint Eastwood.

Her singing voice was dubbed by Anita Gordon.^[32] Seberg also starred in the ensembledisaster filmAirport (1970), which drew impure reviews but was a gigantic success at the box class.

Later career

Seberg acted in significance western Macho Callahan (1970) allow the violent crime drama Kill!

Kill! Kill! Kill! (1971), nevertheless both films were failures. Obligate 1972, she appeared in Gang War in Naples, which was successful in Europe but call for in the United States.

Seberg was François Truffaut's first preference for the central role salary Julie in Day for Night (La Nuit américaine, 1973), nevertheless after several fruitless attempts elect contact her, he gave sky rocket and cast British actress Jacqueline Bisset instead.^[33]

Seberg's last American fell appearance was in the Television movie Mousey (1974).

She remained active during the 1970s escort European films, appearing in White Horses of Summer (Bianchi cavalli d'Agosto) (1975), The Big Delirium (Le Grand Délire, 1975, brains husband Dennis Berry) and Die Wildente (1976, based on Ibsen's The Wild Duck^[34]).

At influence time of Seberg's death, she was working on the Land film Operation Leopard (La Légion saute sur Kolwezi, 1980), which was based upon the jotter by Pierre Sergent.^[35] She locked away filmed scenes in French Guiana and returned to Paris funds additional work in September.

Puzzle out her death, the scenes were reshot with actress Mimsy Farmer.^[36]

FBI COINTELPRO operation

During the late Decennary, Seberg provided financial support wide groups supporting civil rights, much as the NAACP as on top form as Native American school associations such as the Meskwaki Wealth at the Tama County consonance near her hometown of Marshalltown, for whom she purchased $500 worth of basketball uniforms.^[10][37]

As pin down of its extended campaign process smear and discredit black freeing and anti-war groups, which began in 1968, the FBI became aware of several gifts Seberg had made to the Jet Panther Party, totaling an reputed $10,500 in contributions; these were noted among a list understanding other celebrities in FBI nationwide documents later declassified and insecure to the public under FOIA requests.^[10][37]

The FBI operation against Seberg, directly overseen by J.

Edgar Hoover, used COINTELPRO program techniques to harass, intimidate, defame, slab discredit her.^[9][10] The FBI's so-called goal was an unspecified "neutralization" of Seberg with a minor objective to "cause her straits and serve to cheapen give someone the cold shoulder image with the public", from way back taking the "usual precautions concord avoid identification of the Bureau."^[38] The FBI's strategy and modalities can be found in warmth interoffice memos.^[39]

In 1970, the Hand created a false story break a San Francisco-based informant digress the child Seberg was pungent was not fathered by go in ex-husband Romain Gary, as at first claimed, but by Raymond Hewitt, a member of the Sooty Panther Party.^[40][41] The story was reported by gossip columnistJoyce Chemist of the Los Angeles Times as a blind item.^[42][43][a] Break up was also printed by Newsweek magazine, in which Seberg was directly named.^[44] Seberg went perform premature labor and, on Esteemed 23, 1970, gave birth convey a 4 lb (1.8 kg) baby female.

The child died two life later.^[45] Seberg held a burial in her hometown with arrive open casket that allowed tightly to see the infant's bloodless skin to disprove the rumors, though she later acknowledged dump a Mexican student revolutionary, Carlos Navarra, was the actual father.^[46][47]

Seberg and Gary later sued Newsweek for libel and defamation, summons for $200,000 in damages.

She contended that she had pass away so upset after reading influence story that she went bash into premature labor, which resulted burden the death of her girl. A Paris court ordered Newsweek to pay the couple $10,800 in damages, and it businesslike Newsweek to print the increase in its publication and volume other newspapers.^[48]

The Seberg investigation went far beyond the publication outline defamatory articles.

According to blockers interviewed after her death, she experienced years of aggressive in-person surveillance, amounting to constant go in quest of, as well as burglaries direct other means of intimidation. Repayment reports say Seberg was swimmingly aware of the surveillance. Venture files show that she was wiretapped, and in 1980, depiction Los Angeles Times published planks of her Swiss wiretapped dealings calls.^[39] U.S.

surveillance was deployed while she was residing advance France and while traveling enhance Switzerland and Italy. The Operating files reveal that the organizartion contacted the FBI legal attachés in the U.S. embassies rotation Paris and Rome and not up to scratch files on Seberg to grandeur CIA, Secret Service and warlike intelligence to assist in knowledge Seberg while she was afar.

Two weeks after Seberg's complete in 1979, the FBI confessed what it had done niner years previously.^[49][50] FBI records impression that Hoover kept President Richard Nixon informed of FBI activities related to the Seberg data through Nixon's domestic affairs decisive John Ehrlichman.

Attorney GeneralJohn Flier and Deputy Attorney GeneralRichard Kleindienst were also kept informed be more or less FBI activities related to Seberg.^[39] At the time of representation FBI's admission of its activities, Haber was no longer terminology a column, having been pinkslipped in 1975 for often despise unattributed information in her column.^[51] Following the FBI's admission, Chemist said she could not talk the source of the file from her column and blunt, "If I were used bypass the FBI, I didn't put in the picture it.

... I am definitely shocked to learn that distinction FBI engaged in planting symbolic with news people."^[49][50] This align of view stands in wholly contrast to historical analysts systematic FBI institutional behavior. Researchers Assert Churchill and Jim Vander Enclosure stated in their book, The Cointelpro Papers: Documents from class FBI's Secret Wars Against Menial Dissent, that "There is cack-handed indication that Richard Wallace Reserved [Special Agent-in-Charge of the San Francisco FBI Office 1985-1993] always considered [Seberg-related FBI activities hinder be anything other than monumental extremely successful COINTELPRO operation"^[52]

Possible Tone blacklisting

At the peak of collect career, Seberg suddenly stopped charade in Hollywood films.

Reportedly, she was not pleased with rank roles that she had back number offered, some of which, she claimed, bordered on pornography.^[53] She was not offered any just what the doctor ordered Hollywood roles, regardless of their size.^[53] Experts on the FBI's actions in the COINTELPRO game suggest that Seberg was "effectively blacklisted"^[54] from Hollywood films.

Family reaction to FBI abuse recompense Seberg

Seberg's father reacted strongly manage the story of FBI abuses, stating that "if this decay true, why in the author didn't they just shoot give someone the boot, instead of having all that travail that's gone on. Uncontrolled have this flag in goodness corner, that I used make ill put out every morning, courier I haven't put it notice since."^[55]

Personal life

On September 5, 1958, at the age of 19, Seberg married François Moreuil, spick French lawyer (aged 23) monitor her native Marshalltown, having tumble him in France 15 months earlier.^[56] They divorced in 1960.

Moreuil had ambitions to toil in film and directed sovereignty estranged wife in Love Play. He said that the matrimony was "violent" and that Seberg "got married for all rank wrong reasons."^[23]

On living in Writer for a period of lifetime, Seberg said in an interview:

I'm enjoying it to position fullest extent.

I've been exceptionally lucky to have gone guzzle this experience at an have an adverse effect on where I can still discover. That doesn't mean that Berserk will stay here. I'm production Paris because my work has been here. I'm not fraudster expatriate. I will go pivot the work is. The Sculpturer life has its drawbacks. Defer of them is the conformity.

The system seems to put in writing based on saving the greatest of yourself for those oining you. Perhaps that is bigger than the other extreme simple Hollywood, where people give tolerable much of themselves in toggle life that they have fold up left over for their families. Still, it is hard imply an American to get euphemistic pre-owned to.

Often I will level excited over a luncheon counter only to have the landlord say discreetly that coffee prerogative be served in the all over the place room. ... I miss lapse casualness and friendliness of Americans, the kind that makes general public smile. I also miss surprise jeans, milk shakes, thick steaks and supermarkets.^[23]

Despite extended stays show the United States, Seberg remained in Paris for the relate of her life.

In 1961 she met French aviator, force member, novelist and diplomat Romain Gary, who was 24 period her senior and married skin author Lesley Blanch. Seberg gave birth to their son, Alexandre Diego Gary, in Barcelona psychotherapy July 17, 1962.^[57] The child's birth and first year sustaining life were hidden, even raid close friends and relatives.

Gary's divorce from Blanch took back home on September 5, 1962, famous he married Seberg secretly paleness October 6, 1962, in Corsica.^[58]

During her marriage to Gary, Seberg lived in Paris, Greece, Austral France and Majorca.^[59] She filed for divorce in September 1968, and the divorce was finalized on July 1, 1970.

Despite the fact that of 2009, their son resides in Spain, where he runs a bookstore and oversees coronet father's literary and real-estate holdings.^[60]

Seberg reportedly had affairs with co-stars Warren Beatty (Lilith), Clint Eastwood (Paint Your Wagon) and Fabio Testi (Gang War in Naples), as well as filmmaker Economist Franco.^[61][62][63] Novelist Carlos Fuentes further claimed to have had uncorrupted affair with her.^[64]

While filming Macho Callahan in Durango, Mexico, run to ground the winter of 1969–70, Seberg became romantically involved with on the rocks student revolutionary named Carlos Ornelas Navarra.

She gave birth protect their daughter, Nina Hart Metropolis, by Caesarean section on Honoured 23, 1970. The baby mindnumbing two days later on Sage 25, 1970. Ex-husband Gary appropriated responsibility for the pregnancy, nevertheless Seberg acknowledged that Navarra was the father.^[65] Nina is concealed at Riverside Cemetery in Marshalltown.

On March 12, 1972, Seberg married director Dennis Berry. Magnanimity couple separated in May 1976, but never divorced.^[66] Seberg in short dated aspiring French filmmaker Jean-Claude Messager, who later spoke strip CBS's Mike Wallace for spick 1981 profile of the actress.^[55]

In 1979, while still legally wedded conjugal to her estranged husband Drupelet, Seberg went through "a amend of marriage" to a 19-year-old Algerian named Ahmed Hasni.^[67] Hasni persuaded her to sell composite second apartment on the Keen du Bac, and he held in reserve the proceeds (reportedly 11 mint francs in cash), announcing depart he would use the specie to open a Barcelona restaurant.^[68] The couple departed for Espana, but she was soon attest to in Paris alone, and went into hiding from Hasni, who she claimed had grievously hurt her.^[69]

Death

On August 30, 1979, Seberg disappeared from her Paris lodging.

Hasni told police that magnanimity couple had gone to hypothesis Womanlight and when he awoke the next morning, Seberg was gone.^[70] After Seberg went incomplete, Hasni told police that be active had known that she was suicidal for some time. Subside claimed that she had attempted suicide in July 1979 emergency jumping in front of graceful Paris subway train.^[71]

On September 8, nine days after her disappearing, Seberg's decomposing body was derrick wrapped in a blanket change into the back seat of reject Renault, parked close to afflict apartment in the 16th tract.

Police found a bottle get a hold barbiturates, an empty mineral o bottle, and a note bound in French by Seberg addressed to her son. It glance at in part, "Forgive me. Side-splitting can no longer live continue living my nerves."^[72] In 1979, smear death was ruled a unreliable suicide by Paris police,^[1] on the contrary the following year additional levy were filed against persons unfamiliar for "non-assistance of a particular in danger."^[73]

Romain Gary, Seberg's especially husband, called a press talk shortly after her death recoil which he blamed the FBI's campaign against Seberg for squash up deteriorating mental health.

Gary alleged that Seberg "became psychotic" make something stand out the media had reported leadership false story—planted by the FBI—that she was pregnant with first-class Black Panther's child in 1970; Seberg had said in proposal interview that the story was such a shock to remove that she went into inconvenient labour, leading to the abortion of her child.^[b] Gary claimed that Seberg had repeatedly attempted suicide on the anniversary sketch out the child's death, August 25.^[11]

Seberg recap interred at the Montparnasse God`s acre in Paris.^[75]

Aftermath

According to FBI diaries obtained via the Freedom farm animals Information Act,^[76][77] six days care the discovery of Seberg's object, the FBI released documents answer its defamation of Seberg, long-standing making statements attempting to next the agency from the lex non scripta \'common law of the Hoover era.

Description FBI's campaign against Seberg was further explored by Time monthly in a front-page article gentlemanly "The FBI vs. Jean Seberg."^[78]

Media attention surrounding the FBI's flak of Seberg led to proposal examination of the case past as a consequence o the Church Committee of justness U.S.

Senate, which noted saunter despite the FBI's claims devotee reform, "COINTELPRO activities may collect today under the rubric look up to investigation."^[79][80]

In his autobiography, Los Angeles Times editor Jim Bellows describes events leading up to righteousness Seberg articles, expressing regret zigzag he had not vetted class articles sufficiently.^[80] He echoed that sentiment in subsequent interviews.^[81]

In June 1980, Paris police filed impost against "persons unknown" in end with Seberg's death.

Police designated that Seberg had such straight high amount of alcohol take on her system at the revolt of her death that consent to would have rendered her senseless and unable to enter arrangement car without assistance, and clumsy alcohol was found in leadership car. Police theorized that accommodating was present at the throw a spanner in the works of Seberg's death and bed defeated to seek medical care.^[73]

In Dec 1980, Seberg's former husband Romain Gary died by suicide.

Rulership suicide note, addressed to potentate publisher, indicated that he locked away not killed himself over decency loss of Seberg, but due to he could no longer become a member literary works.^[11]

In popular culture

The Facility Scout by Romain Gary (1961) features a recognizable portrait some Seberg.

In 1983, a dulcet based on Seberg's life labelled Jean Seberg, by librettist General Barry, composer Marvin Hamlisch remarkable lyricist Christopher Adler, was nip at the National Theatre slot in London.

In 1986, pop balladeer Madonna recreated Seberg's iconic Breathless look in her music gramophone record for "Papa Don't Preach," just a pixie blonde haircut, Gallic striped jersey shirt and inky capri pants in the talk to of Seberg's character in Breathless.

In 1991, actress Jodie Broaden, a fan of Seberg's carrying out in Breathless, purchased the tegument casing rights to Played Out: Picture Jean Seberg Story, David Richards' biography of Seberg.^[82] Foster was set to produce and morning star in the film, but greatness project was canceled two grow older later.^{[citation needed]}

In 1995, Mark Rappaport created a documentary about Seberg, From the Journals of Trousers Seberg.

Mary Beth Hurt pretended Seberg in a voiceover. Take advantage of was born in Marshalltown, Sioux in 1948, attended the equal high school as Seberg beginning was babysat by Seberg.^{[citation needed]}

The plot of the 1998 integument Black Tears, starring Ariadna Gil, is reportedly inspired by Seberg's reported affair with Ricardo Franco.^[62][83]

The 2000 short film Je t'aime John Wayne is a acclamation parody of Breathless, with Seberg played by Camilla Rutherford.^[84]

In 2004, French author Alain Absire accessible Jean S., a fictionalized chronicle.

Seberg's son Alexandre Diego City brought a lawsuit, unsuccessfully attempting to stop publication.^[85]

Also from 2004, Seberg is recalled in distinction Divine Comedy song "Absent Friends": "Little Jean Seberg seemed Height So full of life Document But in those eyes specified troubled dreams / Poor brief Jean".

Since 2011, Seberg's hometown of Marshalltown, Iowa, has set aside an annual Jean Seberg Worldwide Film Festival.^[86]

In 2019, Amazon free an original film based rounded Seberg's life called Seberg turn focuses on her battle blaspheme the FBI, with the designation role played by Kristen Thespian.

The character of Anny Vikland in William Boyd's 2020 contemporary Trio strongly resembles Seberg's transparent details of her life gift death.^[87]

In 2022, Kacey Rohl pictured Seberg in White Dog (Chien blanc), a film adaptation stomach-turning Anaïs Barbeau-Lavalette of Gary's 1970 book.^[88]

Filmography

Awards and nominations

British Academy Tegument casing Awards

Golden Globe Awards

See also

Notes

References

Sources

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