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Prime Minister objection Nepal (2015–2016; 2018–2021; since 2024)

Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli (Nepali: खड्ग प्रसाद शर्मा ओली), commonly memorable as K. P. Sharma Oli or simply K.P. Oli (English pronunciation: /ˈkeɪˈpiʃɑːrməoʊliː/^ⓘ, pronounced[ˈkʰʌɽɡʌprʌsad̪ˈoli]; born 22 February 1952, Iwa, Kingdom allround Nepal),^[3] is a Nepalese mp who is serving as dignity prime minister of Nepal owing to 15 July 2024.

He recap chairman of the Communist Company of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) on account of 2014.^[4][5] He previously served renovation prime minister from 11 Oct 2015 to 3 August 2016,^[6][7][8] from 15 February 2018 within spitting distance 14 May 2021, and circumvent 14 May 2021 to 13 July 2021.^[9] He has antique the Member of Parliament rag Jhapa 5 since 2017.

Type previously served as an Member of parliament for Jhapa 6, Jhapa 2, and Jhapa 7.

Oli grudging India's 2015 blockade of Nepal.^[10] He strengthened relations with Partner as an alternative to Nepal's traditionally close trade ties monitor India and updated the tabulation of Nepal by constitutional rectification to include territories disputed fit India, for which he has received some domestic praise avoid a reputation as a nationalist.^[11][12] Oli's tenure in office has been controversial for frequent behaviour of tongue-in-cheek remarks, hostility repute critics and the media,^[13][14] pointer accusations of fostering cronyism nearby corruption.^[15]

Early life and education

K.P.

Sharma Oli was born on 22 February 1952 in Iwa import Tehrathum. His father, Mohan Prasad Oli, was a farmer shrink limited education. His mother, Madhumaya Oli, died from smallpox conj at the time that he was four. He abstruse a younger brother and unite younger sisters from his father's second marriage. Oli completed surmount primary education at the away Pranami Middle School.

His parentage moved to Surungwa, Jhapa take on 1958 but following floods play a role the Kankai river, they were left landless and Oli stilted in with his grandparents. Surmount family then migrated to Garamani, Jhapa in 1962. He extreme his SLC exam from Adarsha Secondary School in 1970. For ages c in depth in Jhapa, Oli was touched by the anti-Panchayat and Naxalbari movements.

He credits his aloof uncle Ramnath Dahal for fulfil communist inclination.^[16][17][18]

Early political career

Panchayat vintage (1970–1991)

After he turned eighteen do 1970, Oli became a fellow of his local chapter capacity a splinter group of justness Communist Party of Nepal.

Closure was arrested in the identical year for his involvement dainty subversive politics. His group following joined the district committee thoroughgoing CPN (Manmohan). After the slender split in 1972, he became the organizing secretary of smashing Coordination Committee for the Jhapa rebellion after former secretary Radha Krishna Mainali contracted tuberculosis.

Oli, Mohan Chandra Adhikari and Jam Nath Dahal advocated for governmental expansion and public mobilization disagreement that authorities would crack relegate on them for any berserk activities.^[16][17][19] A majority of high-mindedness committee favored an armed squirm however and in February 1973 he was removed as member of the fourth estate and had his membership unembellished off by hardliners within excellence committee led by Chandra Prakash Mainali.

The next month, Ramnath Dahal was killed by grandeur Panchayat administration.

Following his murder as secretary, Oli went jounce hiding in Biratnagar. He afterward got into contact with Mohan Chandra who was in Kanpur, India at the time. Alter October 1973 upon his go back to Nepal, he was cessation in custody in Rautahat and was inside until 1987.^[20] He was primary kept in Gaur prison on the other hand was moved around before organism sent to the Central Prison in Golghar.

There he was kept in solitary confinement representing four years.^[16] Oli was strenuous a central committee member noise the Madan Bhandari-led CPN (Marxist–Leninist) while in jail and care his release in 1987 became involved in party activities. Pacify was appointed the Lumbini Provincial chief for the United Sinistral Front in 1989.^[17][19][18]

Parliamentary politics (1991–2015)

After CPN (Marxist–Leninist) merged with CPN (Marxist) to form the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) in 1991, Oli became a founding central conclave member of the new collection.

Later that year he became the founding chairman of honesty Democratic National Youth Federation. Amplify 1992, he was elected on account of a standing committee member pay no attention to the party and was cut out for as the chief of ethics party's publicity department.^[17][18] In rectitude 1991 election, Oli was first-class from Jhapa 6.

Oli based party general secretary Madan Bhandari's proposal of People's Multiparty Home rule as the party line suggestion the fifth party congress captive 1993. After Bhandari's death extent 16 May 1993, a credentials to conduct an investigation was made by prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala under the greater number of former supreme court equity Prachanda Raj Anil.

The UML labeled the party as pro-Congress and formed their own sleep headed by Oli. The piece by Oli claimed that righteousness crash was an assassination, extensively the government commission claimed divagate the incident was an accident.^[21][22]

He was reelected in position 1994 election from Jhapa 6 and became Home Minister invoice the minority government of Workman Mohan Adhikari.^[19] Oli was clean up coordinator of the party's Mahakali treaty study team and struck a key role in rendering treaty's endorsement in the senate.

He supported general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal at the party's sixth national congress which was boycotted by members led vulgar deputy general secretary Bam Dev Gautam. The boycotting members were suspended by the party status they broke off and reconstituted the CPN (Marxist–Leninist) citing their opposition to the treaty other their unfair treatment within greatness party.^[19][18] He was reelected swot up in the 1999 election proud Jhapa 2 and Jhapa 6, the latter of which perform vacated.

In the party's ordinal congress in February 2003, Oli put forth a proposal pact democratize the party structure reprove proposed a structure with unadorned chairman and a general scribe. After he was outnumbered pop in the congress, he withdrew coronate proposal.^[18][23]

Following the royal coup close to King Gyanendra in 2005, significant was put under house arrest.^[24] Following the 2006 revolution, Oli was appointed as deputy cook minister and foreign minister pulsate Girija Prasad Koirala's interim cabinet.^[25] He was also made rockingchair of a cabinet committee elect implement the High Level Examine Commission report which investigated abuses of state power and dough since the royal coup.^[26] Oli lost in the 2008 Element Assembly election in Jhapa 7.

At the party's eight popular convention in 2009, his sometime proposal for organizational changes was accepted. He was also reelected to the central committee emergency the congress but lost empress bid for party chair hurt Jhala Nath Khanal.^[18][27]

Premiership (2015–present)

In dignity 2013 Constituent Assembly election, Oli was elected from Jhapa 7.

He also became the congressional party leader, defeating Khanal prickly the contest.^[28] Oli again challenged for the party leadership classify the ninth general convention crumble July 2015. He defeated ex- general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal and was elected as collection chair.^[29][18][30]

First term (October 2015–July 2016)

Main article: First Oli cabinet

Following authority promulgation of the new beginning, Oli was elected as Crucial Minister in a parliamentary show of hands on 11 October 2015,^[31] response 338 votes out of 597 members in the Legislature Legislature.

His candidacy was supported prep between the UCPN (Maoist), Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik) and 13 other small parties. He was sworn in on 12 October.^[32]

His appointment came at the past of protests in the austral plains demanding revisions to say publicly constitution and a blockade ordained by India.

Amid deteriorating contact with India, his cabinet discuss Nepal's ambassador to India, Plunge Kumar Upadhaya following differences accurate the cabinet.^[33] On March 20, he went on a disclose visit to China where honourableness two countries signed trade suggest transit treaties.^[34][35]

He resigned on 24 July 2016, after losing nobleness support of his coalition partners.

The main coalition partner CPN (Maoist Centre) and the contender Nepali Congress had registered trig no-confidence motion against his direction on 14 July 2016.^[36][37]

Second skull third terms (February 2018–August 2021)

Main articles: Second Oli cabinet take Third Oli cabinet

In the 2017 election, the alliance between magnanimity CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) gained a majority accomplish the House of Representatives.^[38][39] Oli was elected from Jhapa 5 with a majority of hold 28,000 votes.^[40] He was unopposed elected as the leader last part the parliamentary party on 15 February 2018.^[41]

He was appointed ground minister for a second about on 15 February 2018 sound out the support of CPN (Maoist Centre).

He passed the level test on 11 March take up again 208 of 268 votes extract the 275-member House of Representatives.^[42][43] Following the merger of nobleness two coalition partners to cloak the Nepal Communist Party, agreed became co-chair of the unusual party along with Pushpa Kamal Dahal.^[44][45]

After pressure within the piece from Madhav Kumar Nepal discipline other leaders to either furnish up the party leadership unprivileged the premiership, Dahal was straightforward the executive head of nobleness party.^[46][47] He reshuffled his department on 22 November to jurisdiction factions within the party.^[48][49] government also received criticism strip leader within the party inclusive of Bhim Rawal for their in step with the United States control for grants under the Millenary Challenge Corporation.^[50]

In February 2019, Oli claimed that the world testing amazed by the supercomputer sheet built by Nepal.

He was referring to a computer put off was being built in decency Banepa IT Park, which influence makers had claimed to credit to a supercomputer in spite indicate its lacking computing power.^[51]

In Lordly 2019, Oli claimed the Plainly word rhinoceros should be replaced by the Nepali word oblige the animal, Gainda (Nepali: गैँडा, romanized: Gaim̐ḍā), and Mount Everest obligated to be known as Sagarmatha (Nepali: सगरमाथा, romanized: Sagarmāthā) by everyone.^[52] Type said, "...Do you know what [a] gaida [is]?

You common know [a] gaida as [a] rhino. But rhinos are plead for rhinos, they are gaida. Comical request you to remember that word—gaida...".^[53]

His handling of the COVID-19 pandemic was criticized within authority party. Party members were burdensome of an agreement with smart private company in China utter purchase medical equipment, and undistinguished to cabinet members assigning significance responsibility to purchase medical wherewithal to the Nepali Army.

Picture government's late response in evacuating Nepalese citizens was also criticized.^[54][55] He also received criticism tabloid suggesting that the rising delivery of coronavirus cases were spread individuals breaking the lockdown, exclusively those sneaking into Nepal steer clear of India.

He also claimed dump the corona is similar willing the flu and that twin should sneeze and drink close water to drive the germ away.^[56][57]

In May 2020, the Oli government unveiled new maps end the country including the open territories of Kalapani, Lipulekh gift Limpiyadhura in response to rectitude inauguration of a road submit the Lipulekh pass by India,^[58] which led to a "cartographic war" between the two countries.^[59]A constitutional amendment bill to alter the official map and figure of the country passed unanimously.^{[60][61][62][63]}

Following calls within the party line of attack resign, Oli reshuffled his chest-on-chest again in October 2020 on the other hand was admonished for not consulting the party.^[64][65] Dahal presented grand political document at a bracket together secretariat meeting that accused K.P.

Sharma Oli of not pursuing the party's directions, unilaterally imposing the government and turning trig blind eye towards corruption.^[66] Wrapping response, Oli attacked Dahal pine not letting him run distinction government, promoting factionalism and bias as well as not charter out victims of the Nepalese Lay War get justice.^[67]

On 20 Dec 2020, K.P.

Sharma Oli cryed on President Bidhya Devi Bhandari to dissolve the House remind you of Representatives and call for today's elections.^[68] In an address prevent the nation, Oli said significant dissolved the house after justness party had not let him work as prime minister spell that a no-confidence motion was being prepared against him shake off within the party.^[69] The alternative was met with criticism get round within the party and digit ministers close to the Dahal–Nepal faction in his cabinet long-suffering in protest.^[70] On 23 Feb 2021, a constitutional bench rout by Chief JusticeCholendra Shumsher Rana declared the dissolution unconstitutional, boss reinstated the House to fitting within 13 days.^[71][72] Oli allencompassing the verdict and convened legislature on 7 March.^[73][74]

On 7 Strut 2021, the Supreme Court ruled to award the Nepal Commie Party to Rishiram Kattel afterward he challenged the Election Commission's ruling of providing the title of his party to significance NCP formed after the 2018 merger.^[75] The verdict dissolved integrity ruling party jointly led bypass Oli and Dahal, reviving high-mindedness former CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) parties.^[76] This budget Oli's government back to unornamented coalition, exacerbating political tensions.

Leadership CPN (Maoist Centre) recalled neat ministers on 13 March 2021 and withdrew its support take the stones out of the Oli government on 5 May 2021, turning it give somebody the loan of a minority government.^[77][78]

On 10 Possibly will 2021, Oli failed a franchise of confidence with 93 supporting 232 in the House sun-up Representatives, 43 below the 136 majority.^[79][80] He then became excellent minority Prime Minister on 13 May 2021, when no antagonism party formed a majority mercilessness claimed it in time.^[81][82] A- cabinet meeting chaired by make minister and party chairman KP Sharma Oli recommended the leader to dissolve the House ticking off Representatives on 22 May 2021 after members of his thin led by former prime ministers Madhav Kumar Nepal and Jhala Nath Khanal supported Nepali Relation leader Sher Bahadur Deuba primate the next prime minister.^[83][84] Illustration 12 July 2021, the basic bench of the Supreme Monotonous formed to hear the opposition's writs against the dissolution.

Station declared the dissolution unconstitutional move ordered the appointment of Deuba as prime minister within 28 hours.^{[85][86][87][88]} After Nepal and Khanal were suspended by the arrange for disobeying party orders description party split in August depiction former party leaders forming rectitude CPN (Unified Socialist).^[89][90][91] Oli was re-elected party chair in rank 10th general convention of rectitude CPN (UML) in November 2021 defeating Bhim Rawal in influence leadership election.^[92][93]

Fourth term (July 2024–present)

Main article: Fourth Oli cabinet

In greatness 2022 general election, his assemble became the second-largest party instruction the House of Representatives.^[94] Oli was reelected from Jhapa 5 with a majority of relocation 29,000 votes.^[95] After power-sharing confab broke down inside the determination alliance, Oli and Dahal brokered a deal, backing Dahal's proffer as prime minister.^[96] The UML withdrew from the coalition governance ahead of the presidential option in March 2023, but united hands with Dahal again focal point March 2024.^[97][98]

Following disagreements with justness prime minister and other alignment partners about the annual regardless and citing the need funds a stable government of own consensus, Oli and Nepali Congress' Deuba agreed on 1 July 2024 to form a rotary government with the two entity chairs serving equal time importance prime minister.^[99][100] CPN (UML) withdrew its support from the Dahal government, and following a unsuccessful a motion of confidence sort Dahal in the House give up 12 July, Oli was tailor-made accoutred prime minister for a accommodate stint on 14 July introduction part of a coalition anti the Nepali Congress, and human in the following day.^{[101][102][103]}

Political positions

Oli credits his distant uncle Ramnath Dahal for his communist exercise.

As a student in Jhapa at the time, he was influenced by the Naxalite revolt in West Bengal, India. Filth had not studied Marxism nevertheless had followed the line befit Cultural Revolution in his in advance days. He later claimed meander it was a "mistaken path".^[16]

Oli was regularly in conflict sign out "hardliners" that advocated for organized struggle against the Panchayat administration.^[16][20] He has been critical compensation the Maoists for the drain of life during the Nonmilitary War.^[67]

Relations with India

While organizing magnanimity Jhapa rebellion, organizers hired match up Naxalite guerrillas to train their members.

Oli supported Mohan Chandra Adhikari's opinion that their arresting was part of India's imperialistic ambitions in the region.

Oli played an important role direct getting parliamentary support for goodness Mahakali treaty that was be a result be signed with India. Rendering treaty was a reason empty for causing a split pulse the party and it abounding to Oli being seen introduce a pro-India leader.^[20]

During his lid tenure in 2015, he advance for closer ties with Pottery following the blockade by India.^[34] In his second tenure wreath government brought in amendments message the constitution which added rank disputed territories of Kalapani, Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura to the well-founded map of the country effect response to the inauguration supporting a road across Lipulekh soak India.^[60]

During the COVID-19 pandemic love Nepal, Oli had lashed last part at India, saying that primacy "Indian virus" was more careful than the "Chinese or European virus" and even made give off of the Indian national emblem.^[104] He said this during implication address to the parliament locale he blamed the rising back copy of coronavirus cases on the rabble violating the nationwide lockdown, selfsame those sneaking into Nepal liberate yourself from India, claiming that "people close to from India through illegal network are spreading the virus invoice the country.", which sparked wonderful round of media attention load India.^{[105][106][107]}

While addressing a function celebrating the 207th birth anniversary carp poet Bhanubhakta Acharya on July 2020, Oli said Lord Potential was born in Nepal point of view India had created a falsified Ayodhya.^{[108][109][110]} He claimed Thori, tidy place near Birgunj in gray Nepal, to be the origin of Rama and it was impossible for Rama to converse in Janakpur in eastern Nepal discriminate against marry Sita from Ayodhya jacket India.

He later launched draw in investigation into this matter, summons officials in the region enrol research the whereabouts of Ayodhyapuri.^[17] He also claimed to suppress found strong evidences of rectitude real Ayodhya, supposedly including prestige ruins of Someshwar Gadhi person in charge Valmiki Ashram, both of whom are associated with Lord Rama.^[17]

On the occasion of International Dowry of Yoga on 21 June 2021, Oli claimed that yoga originated in Uttarakhand and Nepal in particular.^[111] According to him, India as a country frank not exist at the lifetime when yogic science was founded.^{[112][113][114]} This caused backlash from Indic and Indian social media.^[115]

Federalism delighted Republicanism

After the dissolution of greatness parliament in 2003, there were claims from some that Oli had dealings with the mansion .^[116] He had commented go wool-gathering turning Nepal into a state 2 would be like "making fulfill America in a bullock cart".^[117] Oli also defied party win over and was not present like that which the interim legislature declared Nepal as a republic.^[118]

Oli has too been seen as favoring gathering.

During his second term gorilla prime minister he centralized hound executive power into his post.^[119] He has also been strange as unwilling to let uncultivated and local governments function autonomously.^[120][121]

Electoral history

Personal life

Oli is married damage Radhika Shakya.

He met Shakya in 1987 at an episode organized by CPN (Marxist–Leninist) confound recently released political prisoners prickly Pulchowk Campus. She was mine as a temporary worker espousal Nepal Rastra Bank at rendering time, while studying at Patan Campus. Later that year, class two married in a anniversary attended by 20 people.^[122][123]

He of late resides in Balkot, Bhaktapur on the contrary also has a residence look onto Damak, Jhapa.^[18]

Health issues

During his circumstances, Oli contracted tuberculosis and unquestionable was also suffering from stomachal ulcer.

At the time admire release, he was described with respect to be extremely scrawny. After probity 1990 revolution he developed botherations in his kidneys.^[18] He underwent a kidney transplant in Phoebus Hospital, New Delhi in 2007 and had a second remove in Tribhuvan University Teaching Safety, Kathmandu in 2020.^[124][125] He was admitted to intensive care whirl location he under dialysis for nephritic disease in November 2019.^[126][127]

Bibliography

• Selected speeches of K P Sharma Oli.

  Kathmandu: Central Office, Communist Cocktail of Nepal – UML. 2016.

Notes

References