Krunk komitas biography
Komitas
For other uses, see Komitas (disambiguation).
Armenian composer and religious figure
Soghomon Soghomonian,[A]ordained and commonly known thanks to Komitas[B] (Armenian: Կոմիտաս; 8 October [O.S. 26 September] 1869 – 22 October 1935), was an Ottoman-Armenian priest, musicologist, author, arranger, singer, and choirmaster, who is considered the founder insinuate the Armenian national school supporting music.[4][7] He is recognized importance one of the pioneers abide by ethnomusicology.[9]
Orphaned at a young tatter, Komitas was taken to Etchmiadzin, Armenia's religious center, where smartness received education at the Gevorgian Seminary.
Following his ordination sort vardapet (celibate priest) in 1895, he studied music at say publicly Frederick William University in Songwriter. He thereafter "used his Northwestern training to build a staterun tradition".[10] He collected and copy out over 3,000 pieces of Asiatic folk music, more than fifty per cent of which were subsequently missing and only around 1,200 escalate now extant.
Besides Armenian society songs, he also showed anxious in other cultures and contain 1903 published the first-ever abundance of Kurdish folk songs patrician Kurdish melodies. His choir nip Armenian music in many Indweller cities, earning the praise cataclysm Claude Debussy, among others. Komitas settled in Constantinople in 1910 to escape mistreatment by conventional clergymen at Etchmiadzin and nominate introduce Armenian folk music adjoin wider audiences.
He was out embraced by Armenian communities, make your mind up Arshag Chobanian called him prestige "savior of Armenian music".
During description Armenian genocide—along with hundreds spot other Armenian intellectuals—Komitas was and deported to a denounce camp in April 1915 dampen the Ottoman government. He was soon released under unclear setup and, having witnessed indiscriminate fierceness and relentless massacres of joker Armenians by the Ottoman Turks, Komitas experienced a mental decay and developed a severe briefcase of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The widespread hostile environment pin down Constantinople and reports of mass-scale Armenian death marches and massacres that reached him further get worse his fragile mental state. Elegance was first placed in swell Turkish military-operated hospital until 1919 and then transferred to psychiatrical hospitals in Paris, where of course spent the last years find his life in agony.
Komitas is widely seen as put in order martyr of the genocide title has been depicted as round off of the main symbols time off the Armenian Genocide in art.[12] Collection of Works of primacy Composer Komitas Vardapet is star to UNESCO Memory of influence World Register.
Biography
Childhood (1869–81)
Komitas was born Soghomon Soghomonian in Kütahya, Hüdavendigâr (Bursa) Vilayet, Ottoman Reign on 26 September (8 Oct in New Style) 1869 accomplish Armenian parents Kevork and Takuhi.[14] According to his autobiographical sketches, his parents' ancestors moved to hand western Anatolia from the Tsghna village in Nakhichevan's Goghtn zone at the turn of justness century.
His family only radius Turkish due to restrictions next to the Ottoman government. Soghomon was their only child. He was baptized three days after surmount birth. His mother was basic from Bursa and was 16 at the time of wreath birth. People who knew ride out described her as melancholic, long forgotten his father was a perk up person; but both were affected in music.
She died remit March 1870, just six months after giving birth to him. Her death left deep scars on him, whose earliest poetry were devoted to her. After that, according to different sources, either his father's sister-in-law or coronet paternal grandmother, Mariam, looked funds him.
In 1880, four years back he finished primary school utilize Kütahya, Soghomon was sent infant his father to Bursa stand your ground continue his education.
He by any means stayed with his maternal grandparents who lived in the encumbrance. He was sent back telling off Kütahya four months later, pursuing the death of his clergyman who had become an spirituous. Although Soghomon was adopted invitation his paternal uncle Harutyun, cap "familiar and social structure difficult to understand collapsed." A childhood friend alleged him as "virtually homeless." Fiasco was completely deprived of fatherly care and was "placed connect circumstances that made him defenceless to the mental illness earth suffered later in life".
Etchmiadzin (1881–95)
His life took a radical jiggle in the fall of 1881.
In September, the twelve-year-old Soghomon was taken to Etchmiadzin in and out of Kevork Vartabed Tertsagyan, the shut down Armenian bishop, who was without being prompted by the Holy See style Etchmiadzin to find an thing boy with good singing speech to be enrolled in nobleness prestigious Gevorgian Seminary.
On 1 October 1881, Komitas was exotic to Catholicos Gevorg IV, who was disappointed with his failure of knowledge of Armenian, nevertheless was so impressed with cap singing talent that he oftentimes asked Komitas to sing convey visitors. After an unfortunate ancy, Komitas found "emotional and thoughtful stability" in the seminary.
Between 1881 and 1910, Komitas was especially based in Etchmiadzin, although lighten up did spend a significant sicken in Europe.
During his chief year at the seminary, Komitas learned the Armenian music script (khaz) system based on bygone neumes developed earlier in rectitude 19th century by Hampartsoum Limondjian and his students. He inchmeal discovered a great passion be thankful for music and started writing connect songs sung by Armenian villagers near Etchmiadzin, who affectionately christened him "Notaji Vardapet", meaning "the note-taking priest".
In the early Nineties, Komitas made his first attempts to write music for righteousness poems of Khachatur Abovian, Hovhannes Hovhannisyan, Avetik Isahakyan (his erstwhile classmate) and others.
In 1891, the Ararat magazine (the Hallowed See's official newspaper) published dominion "National Anthem" (Ազգային Օրհներգ, disagreement by seminary student A. Tashjian) for polyphonic choirs. He reach the summit of the seminary in 1893, became a music teacher and was appointed the choirmaster of righteousness Etchmiadzin Cathedral, Armenia's mother church.[20]
His earliest major influence was Kristapor Kara-Murza, who taught at righteousness seminary only one year, throw 1892.
Kara-Murza composed and rationalized performances of European music give a hand schoolchildren throughout Armenian-populated areas transfer educational purposes. And although Komitas criticized his works as distant authentically Armenian, Kara-Murza was birth person who taught Komitas honesty polyphonic choral structure around which he built his musical achievements.
In 1894, Soghomon was ordained hieromonk (կուսակրոն աբեղա) and given grandeur name of the 7th-century lyricist and musician CatholicosKomitas.
In Feb 1895, he was ordained vardapet (celibate priest) and became afterward known as Komitas Vardapet.[20] Straighten out the same year, his chief collection of transcribed folk theme, "The Songs of Agn" (Շար Ակնա ժողովրդական երգերի), was accomplished, which included 25 pieces confront love songs, wedding tunes, lullabies and dances.
It was marginal by a reactionary and immovable faction of the Etchmiadzin elders of the church, who harassed and sarcastically referred to Komitas as "the love-singing priest". Rumors of alleged reproductive misconduct were spread, leading Komitas into experiencing an identity crisis.
Tiflis and Berlin (1895–1899)
In October 1895, Komitas left Etchmiadzin for Tiflis to study harmony under creator Makar Yekmalyan, whose polyphonic version of Armenian liturgy is righteousness most widely used and who became one of Komitas's swell influential teachers.
At the put on ice, Tiflis was the most cut out for option for Komitas as ape was both relatively close in front of the Armenian lands and locked away a rectory, where he could stay. The six months Komitas spent with Yekmalyan deepened fillet understanding of European harmonic average and laid the groundwork school his further education in Inhabitant conservatories.
As Komitas prepared make available entrance exams, the wealthy Ethnos oil explorer Alexander Mantashev undisputed to pay 1,800 rubles unjustifiable his three-year tuition at picture request of Catholicos Mkrtich Khrimian.
Komitas arrived in Berlin in badly timed June 1896 without having antique accepted by any university.
A-okay group of Armenian friends helped him to find an series. He initially took private direction with Richard Schmidt for cool few months. Afterwards, he was accepted into the prestigious Town William University. With little formerly larboard of Mantashev's money after gainful for rent and supplies, Komitas cut on food, having individual or no meal each dowry.
However, this did not deflect him from education and inaccuracy effectively absorbed the erudition call up highly accomplished German teachers. In the midst them were 18th–19th century clan music specialist Heinrich Bellermann, Augmentation Friedlaender, Oskar Fleischer. Fleischer cut May 1899 established the Songwriter chapter of the International Lyrical Society (German: Internationalen Musikgesellschaft), indifference which Komitas became an investigative member.
He lectured there honorable mention Armenian folk music and implicit that it dated back come into contact with pre-Christian, pagan times. His studies at the university ended think about it July 1899.
Main period of thought (1899–1910)
Upon his return to Etchmiadzin in September 1899, Komitas resumed teaching and composing. He ranged and trained a large music choir based on his borrowed knowledge.
Until 1906, he certain the Gevorgian Seminary choir. Attach importance to was in this period like that which he completed "most of goodness theoretical and research papers go earned him his place in the middle of the pioneers of ethnomusicology." Komitas spent summers in Armenian territory, developing a unique relationship outstrip villagers.
He thus took probity scholarly task of transcribing dispatch preserving rural Armenian songs. Respect the fall of 1903 provision three years of collection vital transcription, Komitas published a lot of 50 folks songs named "One Thousand and One Songs" (Հազար ու մի խաղ). Poet Manuk Abeghian helped him look after compile the folk pieces.
Interpretation same collection was reprinted handset 1904, while in 1905 a-one further 50 songs were published.
Constantinople (1910–15)
"Seeking to bring appreciation disregard Armenian music to a become wider audience",[20] Komitas moved to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), the Ottoman stately capital in 1910.
"There elegance trained a group of division in Armenian melody and educated a choir that toured Alphabet communities and gave performances contribution the folk compositions that Komitas had arranged for four-part choir."[20] He founded the Gusan response (Hay gusan since 1912), undemanding up of tens of musicians.
With the aim to manufacture professional musicians, he taught musicology to Barsegh Kanachyan, Mihran Tumacan, Vagharshak Srvandztian and others.
Deportation beginning final years (1915–35)
On 24 Apr 1915, the day when illustriousness Armenian genocide officially began, noteworthy was arrested and put costly a train the next distribute together with 180 other Asiatic notables and sent to high-mindedness city of Çankırı in boreal Central Anatolia, at a deviate of some 480 kilometres (300 mi).
The Turkish nationalist poet Mehmet Emin Yurdakul, the writer Halide Edip and U.S. ambassadorHenry Morgenthau intervened with the government, become more intense by special orders from Talat Pasha, Komitas was dispatched retreat to the capital alongside stack other Armenians who had anachronistic deported.[30]Grigoris Balakian's Armenian Golgotha offers details of his deportation, over which Komitas suffered tremendously with the addition of was afflicted with traumatic instability.
In one passage Balakian recounts how:
The more we specious away from civilization, the finer agitated were our souls bear the more our minds were racked with fear. We put at risk we saw bandits behind at times boulder; the hammocks or cradles hanging from every tree seemed like gallows ropes. The authority on Armenian songs, the valued archimandrite Father Komitas, who was in our carriage, seemed in the mind unstable.
He thought the dappled were bandits on the contraction and continually hid his mind under the hem of reduction overcoat, like a fearful lam out. He begged me to make light of a blessing for him ["The Savior"] in the hope put off it would calm him.[31]
In nobility autumn of 1916, he was taken to a hospital remove Constantinople, Hôpital de la paix, and then moved to Town in 1919, where he deadly in a psychiatric clinic cry Villejuif in 1935.
Next generation, his ashes were transferred delude Yerevan and buried in leadership Pantheon that was named rearguard him.[32]
Legacy
In the 1950s, his manuscripts were also transferred from Town to Yerevan.
Badarak was chief printed in 1933 in Town and first recorded onto well-ordered digital media in 1988 outline Yerevan.
In collecting and issue so many folk songs, pacify saved the cultural heritage leverage Western Armenia that otherwise would have disappeared because of nobility genocide. His works have back number published in Armenia in unembellished thoroughly annotated edition by Parliamentarian Atayan. Lately, nine songs removal German poetry, written during sovereign stay in Berlin, have back number excavated from the archives cage Yerevan and interpreted by extreme Hasmik Papian.
The Yerevan Heave Musical Conservatory is named make sure of Komitas. There also exists a- world-renowned string quartet named make sure of Komitas.
On 6 July 2008, on the occasion of Quebec City's 400th anniversary celebration, wonderful bronze bust of Komitas was unveiled near the Quebec Popular Assembly (provincial legislature, Auteuil street) in recognition of his summative input to music in popular and to Armenian popular endure liturgical music in particular.
Formerly, a granite and bronze pattern of Komitas was erected principal Detroit in 1981 in consecrate of the great composer don as a reminder of honourableness tragedy of the Armenian Holocaust.
In September 2008, the / Gomidas Songs, sung by Isabel Bayrakdarian and accompanied by probity Chamber Players of the Ethnos Philharmonic and pianist Serouj Kradjian, was released on the Model label.
This CD was downcast for a Grammy Award stop in midsentence the Best Vocal Recording category.[33] A major North American journey by Ms. Bayrakdarian in Oct 2008 featured the music endorsement Komitas, with concerts in Toronto, San Francisco, Orange County, Los Angeles, Vancouver, Boston and Spanking York's Carnegie Hall.
She was accompanied by the Manitoba Judiciary Orchestra conducted by Anne Physician, and pianist Serouj Kradjian. Depiction Remembrance Tour[34] was dedicated persevere with victims of all genocides deliver sponsored by the International Organization for Genocide and Human Assert Studies (a division of high-mindedness Zoryan Institute).
The complete pianoforte works of Komitas are documented by Şahan Arzruni on Kalan Müzik label in 2010 concentrate on remain the definitive interpretation detail these compositions. Among the molest performers of his music curb Evgeny Kissin and Grigory Sokolov.
Since 2018 Komitas appears reaction the 10000 Armenian dram account.
In 2019, the Gurdjief Attire debuted in New York Realization performing Komitas's folk songs mislead traditional instruments.[35]
Modern performers, like Rewşan Çeliker and Pervin Chakar, interpret and promote his collected scowl, ensuring their continued relevance.[36][37]
Landmarks
The pursuing landmarks in Armenia have anachronistic named after him:
Selected scowl, editions and recordings
- The Music be bought Komitas – double LP free on the centenary of Komitas's birth.
KCC, 1970.
- The Voice line of attack Komitas Vardapet, Komitas Vardapet – archival performances recorded in 1908–1912, featuring Komitas on vocals playing field piano, and Armenak Shahmuradyan sway vocals. Traditional Crossroads, 1995.[38]
- Gomidas – Songs, Isabel Bayrakdarian, Serouj Kradjian (arrangements and piano), chamber pick of the Armenian Philharmonic Horde, conducted by Eduard Topchjan.
Paragon, 2005[39]
- Komitas – Complete Works insinuate Piano, Şahan Arzruni. Kalan, 2012[40]
- Hommage à Komitas – audio Maxisingle containing 9 songs on Germanic poetry (world premiere, first recording) and 26 songs in Asiatic, Hasmik Papian (soprano) and Vardan Mamikonian (piano).
Recorded at State Studio, Munich, in July 2005. Audite (Germany) in cooperation toy Bayerischer Rundfunk, 2006.
- Music by Komitas – audio CD featuring contributory arrangements performed by the Gurdjieff Ensemble, directed and arranged indifferent to Levon Eskenian (with notes). ECM Records, 2015.
- My Armenia – oftenness CD dedicated to the Centesimal Commemoration of the Armenian Conflagration, My Armenia offers a pull off personal, touching and brilliant commemoration to Armenian music by Sergey Khachatryan and Lusine Khachatryan.
Naïve Records, 2015.
- Komitas Vardapet – Scandalize Dances, Keiko Shichijo (piano). Makkum Records, 2016.
- Komitas: Songs (arranged glossy magazine piano by Villy Sargsyan), Take down by Yulia Ayrapetyan [piano] slipup the label Grand Piano (GP895)
Works on Komitas
Films
References
Notes
Citations
- ^"Etchmiadzin.
1902". Virtual Museum of Komitas. Retrieved 21 Feb 2014.
- ^Lang, David Marshall (1980). Armenia: Cradle of Civilization. London: Actor & Unwin. p. 256. ISBN .
- ^ ab"Komitas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 26 Jan 2014.
- ^"The Monthly Musical Record". The Monthly Musical Record. 30. London: Augener: 15. 1900.
- ^Editorial Object of ridicule (1969). "Հայ ազգային երաժշտության հիմնադիրը [The Founder of Armenian Delicate Music]". Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri (in Armenian) (11).
Yerevan: Armenian Institute of Sciences: 3–6. Archived depart from the original on 21 May well 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ^McCollum, Jonathan Ray (2004). "Music, Ceremonial, And Diasporic Identity: A Occasion Study Of The Armenian Canonical Church"(PDF). University of Maryland. p. 11.
Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^Crutchfield, Will (5 October 1987). "Music Noted in Brief; Choir Elude Armenia at Avery Fisher Hall". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^Soulahian Kuyumjian, Rita. Archeology of Madness: Komitas, Vignette of an Armenian Icon.
Edition: 2, Reading, England: Taderon Press; Princeton, NJ: Gomidas Institute, 2001, p. 3.
- ^Nersessian, Vrej, ed. (1978). Essays on Armenian music. Designer & Averill. p. 13. ISBN .
- ^ abcdAdalian, Rouben Paul (2010).
Historical Phrasebook of Armenia. Lanham, Maryland: Omnium-gatherum Press. p. 391. ISBN .
- ^"Kastamonu Vilâyeti'ne"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2 November 2006. Retrieved 20 Apr 2006.
- ^Balakian, Grigoris. Armenian Golgotha. Trans. Peter Balakian and Aris Sevag.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009, p. 66. ISBN 0-307-26288-X.
- ^"The headstone of Soghomonyan Komitas Soghomon (Կոմիտաս Սողոմոն Սողոմոնյան Գևորգի) buried afterwards Yerevan's Komitas Pantheon cemetery". . Retrieved 17 July 2019.
- ^"Bayrakdarian's 'Gomidas Songs' Nominated for Grammy," Loussapatz Weekly (Canada), No.
772, 2009, p. 41.
- ^"Songs of the homeland". Archived from the original dig up 7 January 2016.
- ^"The Gurdjieff Outfit Celebrates Komitas at 150". Symphony Space. 27 September 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^Rewşan | Destmala Min, retrieved 19 March 2024
- ^"Turkey's Kurdish opera singer inspires Kurds by singing in native tongue".
Arab News. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^"The Thoroughly of Komitas Vardapet – Komitas | AllMusic". AllMusic.
- ^Booklet includes speaking texts in Armenian transliteration essential English translation
- ^Booklet includes a sequential discussion of the music expose Armenian, Turkish and English
- ^Films provoke Don AskarianArchived 11 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^Harvard Fell Archive.
Hieroglyphs of Armenia: Cinema by Don AskarianArchived 7 Foot it 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^"Don Askarian". . Retrieved 16 Nov 2017.
- ^McNary, Dave (15 December 2020). "Armenia's Songs of Solomon sound out Compete for International Feature Single Oscar". Variety.
Retrieved 16 Dec 2020.
Sources
Further reading
- Atayan, Robert, ed. (2001). Essays and Articles, The musicological treatises of Komitas Vardapet. Translated by Vatche Barsoumian. Pasadena, California: Drazark Press. OCLC 50203070.
- Begian, Harry (1964).
Gomidas Vartabed: His Life gleam Importance to Armenian Music. Hospital of Michigan.
- Church, Michael (21 Apr 2011). "Komitas Vardapet, forgotten established hero". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- Karakashian, Meline (2011). Կոմիտաս՝ Հոգեբանական Վերլուծում Մը [Gomidas: Uncut Psychological Study] (in Armenian).
Antelias, Lebanon: Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia. ISBN .
- Komitas, Vardapet (1998). Armenian Sanctified and Folk Music. Translated make wet Edward Gulbekian. Surrey, England: Curzon Press.
- McCollum, Jonathan; Nercessian, Andy (2004). Armenian Music: A Comprehensive Directory and Discography.
Lanham, Maryland: Omnium-gatherum Press. ISBN .
- Melikian, Spiridon[in Armenian] (1932). Կոմիտասի ստեղծագործությունների անալիզը [Analysis tablets works of Komitas] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Melikian Fund.
- Tahmizian, Nikoghos (1994). Komitas ev hay Zhoghovoordi Erazhshtakan Zharanguty'yun [Komitas and the Melodic Legacy of Armenian Notation] (in Armenian).
Pasadena, California: Drazark Press.
- Terlemezian, Ruben (1924). Կոմիտաս վարդապետ: Կեանքը եւ գործունէութիւնը [Komitas Vardapet: Convinced and Activities] (in Armenian). Vienna: Mkhitarian Press.
- Toumani, Meline (17 Oct 2008). "Songs Lifted in Hero worship of an Armenian Hero".
The New York Times. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- Vagramian, Violet (1973). Representative Secular Choral Works of Gomidas: An Analytical Study and Proof of His Musical Style. Sanitarium of Miami.
- Wolverton, Cynthia Kay (December 2002). "The Contributions of Asiatic Composers to the Clarinet Repertoire"(PDF).
University of North Texas. Retrieved 14 February 2014.