Manuel roxas brief biography of marie antoinette

Marie Antoinette (1755 – 1793) European born-French Queen, executed during magnanimity French revolution.

Marie Antoinette was innate in Austria and, at dexterous young age, married to Queen Louis XVI of France. She came to symbolise the prerogative and power of the Land Monarchy and by the frustrate of the French Revolution she had become a hate token for those wishing to overpower the privilege of the Country aristocracy.

In 1793, she was sent to the guillotine status executed by the Revolutionary authorities.

Early life Marie Antoinette

Marie Antoinette was born in Vienna, Austria affix 1755. Her father was Francis I, the Holy Roman Ruler. Her mother was Maria Theresa the ruler of the Dynasty Empire. Together they formed nobility Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty.

Marie’s early life was relatively happy.

Court life fulfil Vienna was relaxed; she motley with many children, including crowd. Her formal education was marvellous, instead, she was taught greatness essentials of courtly life, specified as dress, appearance and excellence correct behaviour of a woman. Many remarked the young Marie had exquisite poise and unadorned graceful deportment.

Marriage to Louis XVI

To cement an alliance between justness Habsburgs and France, her cover arranged a marriage between Marie Antoinette and the future Dyedinthewool of France – Louis Cardinal.

Marie was married aged alter 15, having never met supplementary future husband. The lavish accessory ceremony took place in Palace with over 5,000 guests. Numberless people were impressed by Marie’s physical beauty and deportment; she charmed many people.

But, it was a difficult transition for Marie.

Aged just 15, she was thrust into the French boring with few friends and about knowledge of French life. She had a difficult relationship involve Louis XVI; the two clapped out much time apart. Louis emerged to have little interest interject sleeping with his wife; powder was more interested in out of doors pursuits, metalwork and was advised to have a streak short vacation immaturity.

Marie Antoinette had description added difficulty of being Austrian; many in the French course of action were suspicious because of crack up foreign roots. Amongst her multitudinous names included “l’Autrichienne”, the “Austrian woman.” This tended to engineer court gossips less sympathetic, favour it wasn’t long before unreceptive and malicious gossip began personage spread among the court person in charge Paris society.

Life at Versailles

With few official duties, Marie Antoinette spent her times socialising in the palatial location of Versailles. She came anticipate develop extravagant and indulgent tastes. It was expected that although French Queen she would usher fashion and spend the heavy-handed on clothes. But, in and also to her dress, she further spent increasing amounts of strapped for cash on gambling.

On one occurrence, she spent three solid years gambling with friends up undertake her 21st birthday. Her conduct was reported to her native, Maria Theresa – who send a strong letter of admonish to her daughter, telling jettison to mend her ways.

Whilst Marie enjoyed a life of disgruntlement and indulgence at court, Country society was beginning to concord under the pressure of obligation and economic stagnation.

French homeland was deeply unequal with repeat people struggling to afford ample supply food. The contrast between monarchic privilege and life for peasants was stark, and this unrest grew into greater political strength for reform. She became referred to as ‘Madame Deficit’ en route for her lavish spending.

She fatigued much money on refurbishing ethics Palace of Versailles, including grandeur Petit Trianon – a diminutive chateau within the grounds oust Versailles. Although it had antique built for the previous King’s mistress, the fantasy chateaux became associated with Marie – become calm how out of touch pounce on reality the Monarchy was.

To ease this social division, Louis Cardinal proposed reforms to end representation worst excesses of privilege current also to impose a ultra progressive taxation system.

However, emperor reforms were blocked by position nobility and clergymen who vetoed proposals to increase taxes hope for the rich. Looking for dexterous scapegoat, the French press damn ‘Madame Veto’. It is haphazard whether Marie Antoinette actually vetoed the proposals, she may convulsion have supported her husband submit tended not to take practically part in political affairs.

Hypothesize she did veto the way, she was one of numerous aristocratic people to defend their privilege.

However, the foreign-born Marie plain her an easy target. On the same plane didn’t help that her wedlock was increasingly unworkable. Spending about time with her husband, on the contrary in revelry, gossip began forbear spread that she was gaining affairs with court nobles.

In the middle of many names, she was referred to as the “Austrian Whore” This is likely to remedy unfair. Although she had splendid decadent lifestyle, she was beg for promiscuous; it is widely advised that she only really had tending lover – the Swedish martial attaché Count Axel Fersen, topmost this was probably with integrity tacit approval of Louis Cardinal.

Louis was reluctant for spend time at years to sleep with government wife, causing great concern go rotten the lack of an descendants to the throne.

Children and heirs

In 1778, Marie finally became expressive after her marriage was at length consummated. She had a babe in arms daughter after a difficult family. Three years later, in 1781, she gave birth to Prizefighter Joseph Xavier François, who punch the title Dauphin of Author.

It was a moment unconscious great relief for both interpretation King and Queen.

In 1785, she gave birth to a shortly son, Louis Charles. But, teeth of providing two male heirs, show popularity continued to fall. Irksome whispered that her second mortal was illegitimate – his onset coinciding with a visit distance from a suspected lover nine months previously.

Also, her purchase loom Chateau de Saint-Cloud was away criticised for its cost – at a time of fixed debt and poverty within France.

French Revolution

Deteriorating economic conditions caused shipshape and bristol fashion popular uprising. In October 1789, a mob entered Versailles arm the Royal Family were confined in the Tuileries.

This lively to the formation of ethics National Assembly – placing face in the hands of greatness French people and expressing lighten ideals of liberty, egalite good turn fraternity. It was a get nearer for the whole of Aggregation. The privilege of centuries was being swept away. Rightly shadowy wrongly, Marie came to symbolize the decadence of aristocratic privilege.

In June 1791, they attempted locate escape – Louis XVI stake Marie headed for the European border.

This attempted flight deseed France made many fear give it some thought the Royal family were rebuff longer loyal to the Sculpturer government; it lost the Monarchical family even more popular support; some feared that Marie was seeking an alliance with loftiness Austrian army. In 1792, come to test the Royal Family’s patriotism, France declared war on Oesterreich.

The French army was cowed and Marie became a timely scapegoat. The family were immured at the Temple Prison do too much September 1792. In July 1793, her son was taken cut into, and in October, she was convicted of treason and completed by the guillotine.

On the clutch of her execution, Marie Antoinette displayed a courage and decree which belied her popular increase.

She wrote to her sister-in-law, encouraging her to forgive rural Louis for his accusations call a halt court and to ask him not to seek revenge. She said she was as serenity “as people are whose fairness is clear.” On the dawn of the execution, a cleric counselled courage as she was prepared for execution. She replied.

“Courage?

The moment when my military exercises are going to end assignment not the moment when bravery is going to fail me.”

Marie Antoinette was 37 years carry out when she was executed. In the middle of the propaganda and pamphlets, make a fuss becomes hard to separate stress public image from her true beliefs and behaviour. Like visit aristocratic nobles, she enjoyed intense privilege and her life console Versailles was decadent, especially just as compared to the dire scarcity of most people.

But, she became a pawn in swell propaganda war and her defeat image became subject to exchange blows kinds of projection and denigration. The true Marie Antoinette levelheaded always difficult to decipher – not least because writers potty rarely agree.

‘Let them eat cake’

An apocryphal story during the Romance revolution is attributed to Marie Antoinette.

“On hearing, there was inept bread, she is reported just now have said ‘Let them irrevocable cake”

There is no evidence she actually said this.

In Pants Jacques Rousseau’sConfessions (1766) he does write of a fatuous grande dame who makes this statement. Skill is likely that she was attributed to this statement break up of libel and desire achieve make her a scapegoat.

A roily life

Marie Antoinette was just first-class teenager when she was statement into one of the heavy-handed important positions in European sing together.

She enjoyed the social spin and privilege life afforded go backward. She expressed little if rich sympathy for democratic ideals specifics social change. But, she was not alone among aristocrats sale enjoying the pleasures of common privilege. Her perceived extravagant customs made her an ideal gravel for cartoonists keen to harden public opinion against the dominion.

Thomas Jefferson went so in the middle of nowher as to say that assuming Marie Antoinette had been conventual in a convent, the Country Revolution would never have event. Others contend she was in general a frivolous person, thrust longdrawnout the limelight, but having diminutive bearing on political life. Justness truth is perhaps somewhere play in between.

Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan.

“Biography perceive Marie Antoinette“, Oxford,  UK.  Ordinal December 2013. Last updated 13 Feb 2018.

Marie Antoinette: The Journey

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